Ketogenic diet and cardiovascular risk - state of the art review
- PMID: 38232923
- DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102402
Ketogenic diet and cardiovascular risk - state of the art review
Abstract
The ketogenic diet is based on extreme carbohydrate intake reduction and replacing the remaining with fat and has become a popular dietary pattern used for weight loss. The relationship between the ketogenic diet and cardiovascular risk is a controversial topic. This publication aimed to present evidence on the ketogenic diet and cardiovascular risk factors and mortality. The ketogenic diet does not fulfill the criteria of a healthy diet. It presents the potential for rapid short-term reduction of body mass, triglycerides level, Hb1Ac, and blood pressure. Its efficacy for weight loss and the above-mentioned metabolic changes is not significant in long-term observations. In terms of cardiovascular mortality, the low-carb pattern is more beneficial than very low-carbohydrate (including the ketogenic diet). There is still scarce evidence comparing ketogenic to the Mediterranean diet. Other safety concerns in cardiovascular patients such as adverse events related to ketosis, fat-free mass loss, or potential pharmacological interactions should be also taken into consideration in future research.
Keywords: Cardiovascular prevention; Cardiovascular risk; Ketogenic diet; Ketosis; Very low carbohydrate high-fat diet.
Copyright © 2024 The Author. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Conflict of interest statement
Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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