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Review
. 2024 Feb 7:17:837-851.
doi: 10.2147/JIR.S449661. eCollection 2024.

Updates on the Role of Periodontitis-Related Epigenetics, Inflammation, Oral Microbiome, and Treatment in Cardiovascular Risk

Bei Men  1 , Yongjun Li  1 , Shu Jiang  1
Affiliations
Review

Updates on the Role of Periodontitis-Related Epigenetics, Inflammation, Oral Microbiome, and Treatment in Cardiovascular Risk

Bei Men et al. J Inflamm Res. .

Abstract

Substantial evidence has recently been gathered to substantiate the epidemiological correlation between this oral inflammatory ailment and several systemic health disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It is worth noting that certain shared factors exist among individuals with periodontal disease (PD) and CVDs, like obesity or overweight, minimal physical activities, smoking habits, male gender, low socioeconomic position, advanced age, and limited educational attainment. Moreover, recent research suggests a distinct and separate relationship between PD and CVDs. This literature review discusses the association between CVDs and PD and their underlying mechanisms and connections. Current literature strongly confirms a correlation between cardiovascular risk and PD. The underlying mechanisms involve inflammation, epigenetics, epithelial dysfunction, oral microbiome dysbiosis, and the efficacy of periodontitis treatment. Future investigations are required to comprehend these complex interactions and develop targeted interventions for oral health improvement and reduction in cardiovascular risk.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease; gingivitis; inflammation; markers; oral health; periodontal disease; periodontitis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A summary of how different periodontitis-related factors contribute to cardiovascular disease risk.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Oral microbiome dysbiosis is associated with various local and systemic conditions.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Microbiome-related risks and its association with the development of atherosclerosis and ischemia.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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