Effects of ADHD and ADHD treatment on glycemic management in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
- PMID: 38360095
- DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111566
Effects of ADHD and ADHD treatment on glycemic management in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Abstract
Aims: Studies suggested a higher prevalence of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D). However, it is unclear how ADHD impacts glycemia and diabetes-related complications. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of ADHD and ADHD medications on HbA1c and acute complications in T1D.
Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, and Web of Science collections up to November 22, 2023. Seventeen studies were selected for the systematic review by independent reviewers, with twelve included in the meta-analysis.
Results: Mean HbA1c levels were significantly higher in T1D individuals with ADHD compared to those without ADHD (MD = 0.60; 95 % CI: 0.41, 0.79; I2 = 90.1 %; p-value < 0.001). The rates of suboptimal HbA1c levels, hospitalization, diabetic ketoacidosis, and hypoglycemia were all substantially higher in T1D individuals with ADHD than those without ADHD. No difference was found in mean HbA1c between those who received ADHD treatment and those who did not (mean difference = -0.52; 95 % confidence interval: -1.16, 0.13; I2 = 78.6 %; p-value = 0.12).
Conclusions: ADHD is associated with higher HbA1c and increased acute diabetes-related complications. More research is needed to assess the effects of ADHD treatments on T1D management.
Keywords: ADHD; Complications; Glycemic management; Meta-analysis; Systematic Review; Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Conflict of interest statement
Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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