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. 2024 Apr 26;14(1):9585.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-60446-3.

No bidirectional relationship between sleep phenotypes and risk of proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Huan Liu #  1 , Lin Li #  1 , Xiaoning Zan  1 , Jing Wei  2
Affiliations

No bidirectional relationship between sleep phenotypes and risk of proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Huan Liu et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the probable existence of a causal relationship between sleep phenotypes and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with sleep phenotypes were selected as instrumental variables at the genome-wide significance threshold (P < 5 × 10-8). Inverse-variance weighted was applied as the primary Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis method, and MR Egger regression, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods were used as complementary analysis methods to estimate the causal association between sleep phenotypes and PDR. Results indicated that genetically predicted sleep phenotypes had no causal effects on PDR risk after Bonferroni correction (P = 0.05/10) [Chronotype: P = 0.143; Daytime napping: P = 0.691; Daytime sleepiness: P = 0.473; Insomnia: P = 0.181; Long sleep duration: P = 0.671; Morning person:P = 0.113; Short sleep duration: P = 0.517; Obstructive sleep apnea: P = 0.091; Sleep duration: P = 0.216; and snoring: P = 0.014]. Meanwhile, there are no reverse causality for genetically predicted PDR on sleep phenotypes [Chronotype: P = 0.100; Daytime napping: P = 0.146; Daytime sleepiness: P = 0.469; Insomnia: P = 0.571; Long sleep duration: P = 0.779; Morning person: P = 0.040; Short sleep duration: P = 0.875; Obstructive sleep apnea: P = 0.628; Sleep duration: P = 0.896; and snoring: P = 0.047]. This study's findings did not support the causal effect of between sleep phenotypes and PDR. Whereas, longitudinal studies can further verify results validation.

Keywords: Causal relationship; Diabetic retinopathy; Mendelian randomization study; Single nucleotide polymorphisms; Sleep phenotypes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The overview of the MR study design. MR study is based on three main assumptions. Assumption 1: The genetic variants selected as instrumental variables should be associated with the risk factor. Assumption 2: Genetic variants used as instrumental variables should not be associated with known confounding factors. Assumption 3: The used genetic variants as instrumental variables should influence the risk of the outcome only via exposure.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The causal effect of genetically predicted sleep phenotypes on the risk of PDR.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Genetic colocalization analysis between sleep phenotypes and PDR.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The causal effect of genetically predicted PDR on the risk of sleep phenotypes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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