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Review
. 2024 Apr 22;16(4):e58776.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.58776. eCollection 2024 Apr.

From Alzheimer's Disease to Anxiety, Epilepsy to Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Dive Into Neuro-Psychiatric Disorders

Han Grezenko  1   2 , Zarin Nudar Rodoshi  3 , Ciara S Mimms  4 , Muhammad Ahmed  5 , Astrit Sabani  4 , May Su Hlaing  6 , Biniyam J Batu  7 , Muhidin I Hundesa  8 , Biruk D Ayalew  9 , Abdullah Shehryar  10 , Abdur Rehman  11 , Ahmad Hassan  12
Affiliations
Review

From Alzheimer's Disease to Anxiety, Epilepsy to Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Dive Into Neuro-Psychiatric Disorders

Han Grezenko et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

This comprehensive narrative review endeavors to dissect the intricate web of neuropsychiatric disorders that significantly impact cognition, emotion regulation, behavior, and mental health. With a keen focus on Alzheimer's disease (AD), anxiety disorders, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), this article delves into their underlying mechanisms, clinical presentations, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic interventions. Highlighting the considerable disability and societal costs that these conditions impose, it reflects on the over six million individuals grappling with Alzheimer's, the 19 million American adults living with anxiety disorders, the three million with epilepsy, and the global reach of schizophrenia affecting approximately 20 million people. Furthermore, it examines the emerging landscape of ASD, noting the escalating diagnosis rates and the pressing need for innovative treatments and equitable healthcare access. Through a detailed exploration of current research, technological innovations, and the promise of personalized medicine, this review aims to illuminate the complexities of these conditions, advocate for early intervention strategies, and call for a unified approach to tackling the multifaceted challenges they present. The ultimate goal is to inform and inspire healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers to foster advancements that improve outcomes and quality of life for individuals affected by these profound neuropsychiatric disorders, steering towards a future where these conditions are no longer insurmountable.

Keywords: autism spectrum disorder and anxiety disorder; clinical anxiety; depression; epilepsy; schizophrenia.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. A comprehensive flowchart of Alzheimer's disease progression and management strategies.
The image was created by the authors.
Figure 2
Figure 2. A detailed flowchart of the progression, diagnosis, and management of anxiety disorders.
The image was created by the authors.
Figure 3
Figure 3. A comprehensive flowchart from onset to innovative treatments and goals.
The image was created by the authors.
Figure 4
Figure 4. The flowchart representing the interrelations among neuropsychiatric disorders.
The image was created by the authors.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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