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Review
. 2024 Jun 14;16(6):960.
doi: 10.3390/v16060960.

Exploring Iguape Virus-A Lesser-Known Orthoflavivirus

Marielena V Saivish  1   2   3 , Maurício L Nogueira  1   3 , Shannan L Rossi  3   4   5 , Nikos Vasilakis  3   4   5
Affiliations
Review

Exploring Iguape Virus-A Lesser-Known Orthoflavivirus

Marielena V Saivish et al. Viruses. .

Abstract

Brazil has earned the moniker "arbovirus hotspot", providing an ideal breeding ground for a multitude of arboviruses thriving in various zoonotic and urban cycles. As the planet warms and vectors expand their habitat range, a nuanced understanding of lesser-known arboviruses and the factors that could drive their emergence becomes imperative. Among these viruses is the Iguape virus (IGUV), a member of the Orthoflavivirus aroaense species, which was first isolated in 1979 from a sentinel mouse in the municipality of Iguape, within the Vale do Ribeira region of São Paulo State. While evidence suggests that IGUV circulates among birds, wild rodents, marsupials, bats, and domestic birds, there is no information available on its pathogenesis in both humans and animals. The existing literature on IGUV spans decades, is outdated, and is often challenging to access. In this review, we have curated information from the known literature, clarifying its elusive nature and investigating the factors that may influence its emergence. As an orthoflavivirus, IGUV poses a potential threat, which demands our attention and vigilance, considering the serious outbreaks that the Zika virus, another neglected orthoflavivirus, has unleashed in the recent past.

Keywords: arbovirus; mosquito-borne virus; orthoflavivirus; transmission cycles.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Geographic range and epidemiological landscape of Iguape virus. Brazilian states with evidence of IGUV circulation are named. Hosts from which IGUV and/or antibodies have been identified within a given Brazilian state are indicated by a representative graphic(s). Pie charts within a given state indicate the number of studies identifying IGUV by size and the method of their identification by color.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The possible transmission cycles of IGUV.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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