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A comparative analysis of the area of the cortex that is adjacent to the primary visual area (V1), indicates that the lateral extrastriate cortex of primitive mammals was likely to contain only a single visuotopically organized field, the second visual area (V2). Few, if any, other visual areas existed. The opposing hypothesis, that primitive mammals had a ‘string' of small visual areas in the cortex lateral to V1 (as in some rodents), is not supported by studies of the organization of extrastriate cortex in other mammals, nor by the variability in this organization among extant rodents. A critical re-analysis of published evidence on the presence of multiple areas adjacent to V1 in some rodents has led to alternative interpretations of the organization of the areas in these regions.