Environmental toxic metal contaminants and risk of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis

Chowdhury, Rajiv; Ramond, Anna; O’Keeffe, Linda M.; Shahzad, Sara; Kunutsor, Setor K; Muka, Taulant; Gregson, John; Willeit, Peter; Warnakula, Samantha; Khan, Hassan; Chowdhury, Susmita; Gobin, Reeta; Franco, Oscar H.; Angelantonio, Emanuele Di

doi:10.1136/bmj.k3310

Cited by 342 publications

(294 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…The results shown in Table (1) and Table (2) show a significant increase (P≤0.001) in the serum copper level of vascular patients of both sexes. This result is consistent with Chowdhury and his group 2018 [63] that copper helps increase the risk of vascular disease by promoting the LDL oxidation process, which in turn contributes to atherosclerosis, that is, its low level is positive towards the prevention of this injury. Overall, the high level of copper Has a harmful role in promoting and increasing the condition of oxidative stress by increasing the number of active oxygen in the case of free and not associated with protein or otherwise, as in this case has the ability to produce free radicals and the middle of the process of lipid peroxidation [64,65].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Study of LCAT and some biochemical parameters in cardiovascular patient

Al-Juraisy¹,

Saleh²

2020

Tikrit J. Pure Sci.

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The Clinical study included individuals (m23ales and females aged 25-75y) with cardiovascular disease. The activity of Lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) and glutathione peroxidase(GPx) was estimated, in addition to the level of apolipoprotein AI (apo AI), apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), glutathione (GSH), peroxy nitrate (PN), malondialdehyde (MDA), glucose and certain elements (Zn, Cu, Mg and Co) in blood serum. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the activity of LCAT and GPx, and the level of apoAI, HDL-c, GSH, Zn and Mg. on the other hand, it was shown that there was a significant increase in the level of apoB100, TC, TG, LDL-c, PN, Glu, Cu and Co but on unsignificant change in the level of MDA for both male and females. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.25.2020.026

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Study of LCAT and some biochemical parameters in cardiovascular patient

Al-Juraisy¹,

Saleh²

2020

Tikrit J. Pure Sci.

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“…The presence of metals and metalloids (e.g., arsenic, chromium, lead, nickel) in e-cigarette aerosols is a major concern, given their serious health effects, including cancer (García-Esquinas et al 2014;Kuo et al 2017), cardiovascular disease (Chowdhury et al 2018;Moon et al 2012), renal damage (Suwazono et al 2006), and neurotoxicity (Sankhla et al 2017). Metals/metalloids may originate from the coil (Farsalinos et al 2015;Olmedo et al 2018) and from soldered joints and other parts of the device (Williams et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal/Metalloid Levels in Electronic Cigarette Liquids, Aerosols, and Human Biosamples: A Systematic Review

Zhao

Aravindakshan

Hilpert

et al. 2020

Environ Health Perspect

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BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have become popular, in part because they are perceived as a safer alternative to tobacco cigarettes. An increasing number of studies, however, have found toxic metals/metalloids in e-cigarette emissions. OBJECTIVE: We summarized the evidence on metal/metalloid levels in e-cigarette liquid (e-liquid), aerosols, and biosamples of e-cigarette users across e-cigarette device systems to evaluate metal/metalloid exposure levels for e-cigarette users and the potential implications on health outcomes. METHODS: We searched PubMed/TOXLINE, Embase ® , and Web of Science for studies on metals/metalloids in e-liquid, e-cigarette aerosols, and biosamples of e-cigarette users. For metal/metalloid levels in e-liquid and aerosol samples, we collected the mean and standard deviation (SD) if these values were reported, derived mean and SD by using automated software to infer them if data were reported in a figure, or calculated the overall mean (mean ± SD) if data were reported only for separate groups. Metal/metalloid levels in e-liquids and aerosols were converted and reported in micrograms per kilogram and nanograms per puff, respectively, for easy comparison. RESULTS: We identified 24 studies on metals/metalloids in e-liquid, e-cigarette aerosols, and human biosamples of e-cigarette users. Metal/metalloid levels, including aluminum, antimony, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, selenium, tin, and zinc, were present in e-cigarette samples in the studies reviewed. Twelve studies reported metal/metalloid levels in e-liquids (bottles, cartridges, open wick, and tank), 12 studies reported metal/metalloid levels in e-cigarette aerosols (from cig-a-like and tank devices), and 4 studies reported metal/metalloid levels in human biosamples (urine, saliva, serum, and blood) of e-cigarette users. Metal/metalloid levels showed substantial heterogeneity depending on sample type, source of e-liquid, and device type. Metal/metalloid levels in e-liquid from cartridges or tank/open wicks were higher than those from bottles, possibly due to coil contact. Most metal/metalloid levels found in biosamples of e-cigarette users were similar or higher than levels found in biosamples of conventional cigarette users, and even higher than those found in biosamples of cigar users. CONCLUSION: E-cigarettes are a potential source of exposure to metals/metalloids. Differences in collection methods and puffing regimes likely contribute to the variability in metal/metalloid levels across studies, making comparison across studies difficult. Standardized protocols for the quantification of metal/metalloid levels from e-cigarette samples are needed. https://doi.

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“…Tellez-Plaza et al demonstrated an association of urine cadmium with PAD [4]. A meta-analysis by Chowdhury et al, encompassing over 300,000 patients, recently reported that lead and cadmium are cardiovascular risk factors with a doseresponse relationship [24]. An environment-wide association analysis by Zhuang et al, in 2018, analyzed the NHANES data for predictors of PAD [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%