Bacteria-Derived Adjuvant

Product Details

Traditional vaccines, derived from live attenuated or inactivated organisms, often induce antibody-based immunity but can be reactogenic. Adjuvants, designed to enhance vaccine efficacy, target bacterial components, leveraging the immune system's infection recognition. Incorporating these elements into vaccines elicits a robust, prolonged immune response, improving protection. Key components, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and muramyl dipeptides (MDP), play vital roles. LPS, comprising polysaccharide and lipid A, activates Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4), guiding dendritic cells toward Th1 immunity. Hydrolysis of lipid A to Monophosphoryl Lipid A (MPL) retains adjuvant activity with reduced toxicity. Meanwhile, MDP stimulates immune responses, influencing cytokines, Th2, and cytotoxicity. These adjuvants crucially modulate immune responses, enhancing vaccine efficacy.

The bacterial adjuvant product series from Creative Biogene encompasses lipopolysaccharides and monophosphoryl lipid A extracted from various bacterial sources, including Escherichia coli and Salmonella genus. These products find extensive applications in the fields of immunology, infection research, and vaccine development, furnishing researchers with potent tools to investigate the host immune system's response mechanisms to diverse pathogens.

Key Features of Our Bacteria-Derived Adjuvant

• Precision in Formulation: Our adjuvants boast unparalleled formula precision, ensuring consistency and reproducibility—a critical factor in vaccine development.
• Rigorous Quality Control Measures: Stringent quality control measures are implemented throughout the entire production process, guaranteeing the purity, stability, and reliability of our bacterial-derived adjuvant products.
• Exceptional Stability: Carefully designed for outstanding stability, our adjuvants maintain efficacy during vaccine preparation and transportation, providing consistent results for research endeavors.
• Professional Support and Customization Services: Creative Biogene offers professional technical support and customization services to meet researchers' specific vaccine formulation needs, ensuring smooth achievement of research objectives.

Bacteria-derived Adjuvant List

Application

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) activate Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4), inducing immune cells to produce inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β). This activates dendritic cells (DCs) to present antigens, initiating a specific immune response and promoting Th1-type immune stimulation, leading to IFN-γ and IL-12 production. This enhances cellular immunity, especially CD8+ cell-mediated cytotoxicity. LPS also contributes to persistent immune memory, elevating resistance to infections. These mechanisms make LPS an effective vaccine adjuvant, improving immunogenicity against diverse pathogens. Additionally, LPS interaction with TLR4 and DC activation plays a crucial role in shaping adaptive immune responses, inducing robust Th1-type stimulation for specific immune reactions. The resulting cytokine production enhances cellular immunity, activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) involved in CD8+ cytotoxicity. Creative Biogene's bacterial-derived adjuvants find application in the following scenarios:

• Inflammation Research: By simulating bacterial infections, researchers can employ these products to delve into the molecular mechanisms of inflammation, providing new perspectives for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
• Infection Model Establishment: These products can be utilized to establish infection models, aiding in understanding the interactions between different pathogens and the host immune system, serving as experimental foundations for infectious disease research.
• Vaccine Research: In vaccine development, these lipopolysaccharides, acting as adjuvants, can enhance vaccine efficacy, boost immunogenicity, and offer innovative solutions for disease prevention and control.

Case Study

Case Study 1

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), constituents of the outer surface membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, elicit innate immune responses by activating Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). The researchers endeavored to harness Bacteria-Derived Adjuvants, notably monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), to augment innate immunity. MPLA, derived from controlled LPS hydrolysis in Salmonella minnesota, exhibits minimal toxicity and robust immunostimulatory effects via TLR4 activation. Through tailored synthetic techniques, including methyl glycoside incorporation at MPLA's anomeric center, a derivative (compound 2) with promising adjuvant properties was identified. This underscores the significance of comprehending MPLA's structural determinants and accentuates compound 2's potential for further adjuvant refinement.

Figure 1. TNF-α production by murine macrophages in response to various stimuli, including E. coli LPS, E. coli lipid A, MPLA, and synthetic compounds 1 and 2, was assessed by the researchers. TNF-α levels in cell supernatants were measured using ELISA, and it was confirmed that these stimuli did not affect cell viability. (Maiti KK, et al., 2010)

Case Study 2

Various toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have demonstrated promise as vaccine adjuvants across human and livestock species, including chickens. In this study, the researchers aimed to evaluate the combined adjuvant impact of LPS and R-848 with an inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine in chickens. Contrary to prior findings suggesting synergistic immune responses, this investigation revealed that the LPS and R-848 combination resulted in subpar humoral and cellular immune responses, failing to confer protection against virulent NDV challenge. These findings imply adverse effects of the LPS and R-848 combination on antigen-specific immune responses in chickens, possibly attributable to systemic cytokine storm. The study advocates for exploring alternative delivery strategies, such as nanoparticle-based delivery, to unlock the potential synergistic effect of LPS and R-848 as adjuvants in chickens.

Figure 2. Bacteria-Derived Adjuvant was utilized by the researchers to enhance the immune response of vaccinated chickens against NDV, with the aim of bolstering antibody production. (Sharma BK, et al., 2022)

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