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Restriction enzymes, also known as restriction endonucleases, are proteins produced by bacteria that cut DNA at specific sites on the molecule. In bacterial cells, restriction enzymes cleave foreign DNA, thereby eliminating the infecting organism. These enzymes have been an important part of the field of genetic engineering, allowing researchers to insert new genes into organisms to create new traits. These enzymes are also used in medical research, diagnosing genetic diseases and forensics, allowing researchers to compare DNA samples from different sources.
Each restriction enzyme recognizes a short, specific sequence of nucleotide bases (the four basic chemical subunits of a linear double-stranded DNA molecule—adenine, cytosine, thymine, and guanine). These regions, called recognition sequences or recognition sites, are randomly distributed throughout the DNA. Different bacterial species produce restriction enzymes that recognize different nucleotide sequences. When a restriction endonuclease recognizes a sequence, it snips the DNA molecule by catalyzing the hydrolysis of bonds between adjacent nucleotides (split chemical bonds by adding water molecules). Bacteria prevent their DNA from being degraded in this way by disguising their own recognition sequences. Enzymes called methylases add a methyl group (-CH3) to an adenine or cytosine base within the recognition sequence, thereby modifying and protecting it from endonucleases.
Restriction enzymes, which cut DNA molecules at specific locations, are important tools in recombinant DNA technology. Backed by years of manufacturing experience, Creative Biogene's DNA restriction enzymes are unmatched in quality and purity. Each lot of our DNA restriction enzymes undergoes stringent quality control testing to ensure that the enzymes are provided with optimized buffers for maximum activity during digestion reactions.
Restriction endonucleases are widely used in molecular biology research for the following applications:
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