A Ritual Geology

Gold and Subterranean Knowledge in Savanna West Africa

Book Pages: 328 Illustrations: 31 illustrations Published: August 2022

Subjects
Science and Technology Studies, Anthropology > Cultural Anthropology, African Studies

Set against the ongoing corporate enclosure of West Africa’s goldfields, A Ritual Geology tells the untold history of one of the world’s oldest indigenous gold mining industries: Francophone West Africa’s orpaillage. Establishing African miners as producers of subterranean knowledge, Robyn d’Avignon uncovers a dynamic “ritual geology” of techniques and cosmological engagements with the earth developed by agrarian residents of gold-bearing rocks in savanna West Africa. Colonial and corporate exploration geology in the region was built upon the ritual knowledge, gold discoveries, and skilled labor of African miners even as states racialized African mining as archaic, criminal, and pagan. Spanning the medieval and imperial past to the postcolonial present, d’Avignon weaves together long-term ethnographic and oral historical work in southeastern Senegal with archival and archeological evidence from Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, and Mali. A Ritual Geology introduces transnational geological formations as a new regional framework for African studies, environmental history, and anthropology.

Praise

“The foremost contribution of A Ritual Geology is the representation of African miners as intellectual actors. . . . A Ritual Geology is impressive. It is crucial reading for anthropologists and historians looking to understand decolonial methodologies. It should also find a readership among actors who intervene in mining worlds, be it as corporate employees, state officials or development agencies.” — Dr Dagna Rams, LSE Review of Books

“Examining the ritual meaning of mining—which focuses on African relations with territorial spirits—[D’Avignon] brings a rich new perspective to understanding the mining industry, which considers Africans as intellectual actors, not just exploited laborers who were forced to work in European-owned mines because of land alienation. Recommended.” — E. S. Schmidt, Choice

"D’Avignon illuminates the complex narrative of African knowledge production and resource extraction using thick ethnographic descriptions, oral and life histories, and archival sources. ... [The] book is refreshing and provokes debates about African artisanal miners and local knowledge."

— Jabulani Shaba, H-Environment, H-Net Reviews

"It is a rare to read a book that is, at once, innovative in its methodology, provocative in its argument, convincing in its claims and evidentiary foundations, and beautifully written throughout. ... [D'Avignon's] book testifies to the complex and often moving insights that can be gained from approaching peoples and places, of the past and of the present, with humble curiosity and a profound sense of shared humanity."

— Emily Lynn Osborn, Journal of African History

"Historians of geology, anthropologists focused on mining, and anyone interested in the relationship between West Africa’s futures and its longue durée will all find this book tremendously valuable." — Tom Özden-Schilling, American Ethnologist

"A Ritual Geology is a substantial contribution to the expanding fields of the history of science and technology, environmental history, and decolonization studies in twentieth-century Africa and the Global South.  . . . [The] notion of ritual geology, the study of how African miners asserted their rights to gold as a common resource, and the challenge of telling the story of mining industry and science beyond the industrial-artisanal dichotomy will be of interest to historians, anthropologists, or public policymakers in the Global South who wish to understand the industry as a multidimensional process with deep historical roots. It may also be of interest to scholars who are investigating the role of gender in the geological rituals of gold mining, as well as the impact of gold mining on women’s lives and on the exchange of knowledge."

  — Lorena Campuzano Duque, Technology and Culture

A Ritual Geology is an extraordinary project—thorough, nuanced, smart, and compelling. Robyn d’Avignon’s significant scholarly achievement offers a fresh, stimulating approach to the mutual constitution of geological knowledge. Its historical and ethnographic breadth is unique and exciting, effectively bringing together the archival and the experiential to explore the past, present, and future of gold mining in West Africa.” — Danny Hoffman, author of Monrovia Modern: Urban Form and Political Imagination in Liberia

A Ritual Geology is a great achievement. Attending to deeper traditions of gold mining that are embodied in both technological knowledge and a broad system of ritual meaning, it will find an enthusiastic multidisciplinary audience among scholars and students interested in Africa.” — Bruce S. Hall, author of A History of Race in Muslim West Africa, 1600–1960

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Author/Editor Bios Back to Top

Robyn d’Avignon is Assistant Professor of History at New York University.

Table of Contents Back to Top
Acknowledgments  ix
Orthographic Notes  xv
Abbreviations  xvii
Introduction. Geology and West African History  1
1. A Tale of Two Miners in Tinkoto, Senegal, 2014  29
2. West Africa’s Ritual Geology, 800–1900  58
3.Making Customary Mining in French West Africa  86
4. Colonial Geology and African Gold Discoveries  108
5. Mineral Mapping and the Global Cold War in Sénégal Oriental  129
6. A West African Language of Subterranean Rights  153
7. Race, Islam, and Ethnicity in the Pits  177
Conclusion. Subterranean Granaries  201
Glossary  207
Notes  211
Bibliography  259
Index  295
Sales/Territorial Rights: World

Rights and licensing

Co-Winner of the 2023 Julian Steward Award, presented by the Anthropology and Environment Section of the American Anthropological Association


Winner of the 2023 Pfizer Book Award, presented by the History of Science Society


Winner of the 2023 President's Book Award, presented by the Social Science History Association


Winner of the 2024 African Studies Association of the United Kingdom (ASAUK) Best First Book Award


Additional InformationBack to Top
Paper ISBN: 978-1-4780-1847-6 / Cloth ISBN: 978-1-4780-1583-3 / eISBN: 978-1-4780-2307-4
Funding Information
This book is freely available in an open access edition thanks to TOME (Toward an Open Monograph Ecosystem)—a collaboration of the Association of American Universities, the Association of University Presses, and the Association of Research Libraries—and the generous support of New York University. Learn more at the TOME website.
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