MeSH

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE and its effects, disease diagnosis; METABOLIC PROCESSES; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; PREGNANCY; cell line development; EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES; etc.

Year introduced: 2016(1989)

A factor associated with the well-being of living organisms that is used as a measure of environmental change and or influence. For example, aldehyde dehydrogenase expression in earthworm tissue is used as an indication of heavy metal pollution in soils. Distinguish from BIOMARKERS.

Year introduced: 2018

Measurable biological parameters that serve for drug development, safety and dosing (DRUG MONITORING).

Year introduced: 2008

Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or BODY FLUIDS. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including HORMONES; ANTIGENS; amino and NUCLEIC ACIDS; ENZYMES; POLYAMINES; and specific CELL MEMBRANE PROTEINS and LIPIDS.

Year introduced: 2016(1988)

Measurable biological (physiological, biochemical, and anatomical features), behavioral (psychometric pattern) or cognitive markers that are found more often in individuals with a disease than in the general population. Because many endophenotypes are present before the disease onset and in individuals with heritable risk for disease such as unaffected family members, they can be used to help diagnose and search for causative genes.

Year introduced: 2011

A group of atoms or molecules attached to other molecules or cellular structures and used in studying the properties of these molecules and structures. Radioactive DNA or RNA sequences are used in MOLECULAR GENETICS to detect the presence of a complementary sequence by NUCLEIC ACID HYBRIDIZATION.

Year introduced: 1989

Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.

Analysis of the level of specific BIOMARKERS in a pregnant woman's sera to identify those at risk for PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS or BIRTH DEFECTS.

Year introduced: 2013

Clusters of colonic crypts that appear different from the surrounding mucosa when visualized after staining. They are of interest as putative precursors to colorectal adenomas and potential biomarkers for colorectal carcinoma.

Year introduced: 2011

A proto-oncogene protein and member of the Wnt family of proteins. It is frequently up-regulated in human GASTRIC CANCER and is a tumor marker (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) of gastric and COLORECTAL CANCER.

Year introduced: 2006(2004)

a selective lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) inhibitor, on biomarkers of cardiovascular (CV) risk

Date introduced: May 21, 2008

in vitro protein biomarkers of idiosyncratic liver toxicity; has been sequenced

Date introduced: December 9, 2004

in vitro protein biomarkers of idiosyncratic liver toxicity; has been sequenced

Date introduced: December 9, 2004

component of magnetosomes (membrane-bound magnetic crystals) in bacteria that causes them to be oriented in magnetic fields; used as biomarkers

Date introduced: May 18, 1998

Measurements of the thickness of the CEREBRAL CORTEX often detected automatically from medical imaging. Abnormal changes in cortical thickness (e.g., CORTICAL THINNING) are potential biomarkers for various neuropathologies.

Year introduced: 2021

Data related to climate change, ozone layer depletion, eutrophication, acidification, toxic contamination, urban environmental quality, biodiversity, cultural landscapes, waste, water resources, forest resources, fish resources, and soil degradation including desertification and erosion. (from https://www.oecd.org/env/indicators-modelling-outlooks/37551205.pdfc).

Year introduced: 2020

non-enzymatic oxidized products derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and are suggested to be oxidative damage biomarkers of neurological diseases

Date introduced: May 1, 2019

non-enzymatic oxidized products derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and are suggested to be oxidative damage biomarkers of neurological diseases

Date introduced: May 1, 2019

a Chinese medicine ingredient derived from deer antlers; improves grip strength and exercise-relevant physiological biomarkers

Date introduced: July 23, 2017

A clinical syndrome defined by MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA symptoms; persistent elevation in the ST segments of the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; and release of BIOMARKERS of myocardial NECROSIS (e.g., elevated TROPONIN levels). ST segment elevation in the ECG is often used in determining the treatment protocol (see also NON-ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).

Year introduced: 2017