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Flavonoids
A group of phenyl benzopyrans named for having structures like FLAVONES.
Year introduced: 2004(1963)
Flavonols
A group of 3-hydroxy-4-keto-FLAVONOIDS.
Year introduced: 2004
Flavones
A group of 4-keto-FLAVONOIDS.
Year introduced: 2005, 1963-2003
Prenylation
Attachment of isoprenoids (TERPENES) to other compounds, especially PROTEINS and FLAVONOIDS.
Year introduced: 2008
Dioxygenases
Non-heme iron-containing enzymes that incorporate two atoms of OXYGEN into the substrate. They are important in biosynthesis of FLAVONOIDS; GIBBERELLINS; and HYOSCYAMINE; and for degradation of AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.
Year introduced: 2005
Luteolin
5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES.
Year introduced: 2005 (1981)
Apigenin
5,7,4'-trihydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES.
Year introduced: 2005 (2000)
Chalcones
Derivatives of CHALCONE that are important intermediates in the formation of FLAVONOIDS with anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties.
Flavanones
A group of FLAVONOIDS characterized with a 4-ketone.
Flavonolignans
Heterodimers of FLAVONOIDS bound to LIGNANS.
Biflavonoids
Dimers (homo and hetero) of FLAVONOIDS.
Daphne
A plant genus of the family THYMELAEACEAE. They are evergreen shrubs much cultivated in garden borders and rock gardens in mild climates. Members contain mezerein, flavonoids, and COUMARINS such as daphnetin and daphnin.
Year introduced: 2003
Hibiscus
A plant genus of the family MALVACEAE. Members contain CITRIC ACID; MALATES; ANTHOCYANINS; FLAVONOIDS; GLYCOSIDES; DIETARY FIBER; and LIGNANS. Hibiscus sabdariffa is common constituent of HERBAL TEAS. Hibiscus cannabinus is a source of hemp fiber for TEXTILES.
Derris
A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.
Year introduced: 2002
Vitex
A genus of trees in the Lamiaceae family containing assorted flavonoids with possible analgesic and antineoplastic properties. The fruit of these trees is used in herbal preparations.
Year introduced: 2000
Hypericum
Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.
Calendula
A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain CAROTENOIDS, essential oils (OILS, VOLATILE), flavonoids, mucilage, SAPONINS, and STEROLS. The plants are used both topically and internally. The common name of Marigold is also used for TAGETES.
Arnica
A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The dried flower heads of Arnica montana are used externally as a counterirritant and tincture for sprains and bruises, either as crude extract or in homeopathic dilution (HOMEOPATHY). Arnica contains volatile oils (OILS, VOLATILE), arnicin, arnisterol, FLAVONOIDS; TANNINS; and resin. The common name of Wolf's Bane is similar to the common name for ACONITUM.
Year introduced: 1995
Silymarin
A mixture of flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum. It consists primarily of silybin and its isomers, silicristin and silidianin. Silymarin displays antioxidant and membrane stabilizing activity. It protects various tissues and organs against chemical injury, and shows potential as an antihepatoxic agent.
Year introduced: 1991(1975)
Shikimic Acid
A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid metabolite of the shikimate pathway. It is important in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids, flavonoids and alkaloids in plants and microorganisms.