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1.

Flavonoids

A group of phenyl benzopyrans named for having structures like FLAVONES.

Year introduced: 2004(1963)

2.

Flavonols

A group of 3-hydroxy-4-keto-FLAVONOIDS.

Year introduced: 2004

3.

Flavones

A group of 4-keto-FLAVONOIDS.

Year introduced: 2005, 1963-2003

4.

Prenylation

Attachment of isoprenoids (TERPENES) to other compounds, especially PROTEINS and FLAVONOIDS.

Year introduced: 2008

5.

Dioxygenases

Non-heme iron-containing enzymes that incorporate two atoms of OXYGEN into the substrate. They are important in biosynthesis of FLAVONOIDS; GIBBERELLINS; and HYOSCYAMINE; and for degradation of AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.

Year introduced: 2005

6.

Luteolin

5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES.

Year introduced: 2005 (1981)

7.

Apigenin

5,7,4'-trihydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES.

Year introduced: 2005 (2000)

8.

Chalcones

Derivatives of CHALCONE that are important intermediates in the formation of FLAVONOIDS with anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties.

Year introduced: 2005

9.

Flavanones

A group of FLAVONOIDS characterized with a 4-ketone.

Year introduced: 2004

10.

Flavonolignans

Heterodimers of FLAVONOIDS bound to LIGNANS.

Year introduced: 2004

11.

Biflavonoids

Dimers (homo and hetero) of FLAVONOIDS.

Year introduced: 2004

12.

Daphne

A plant genus of the family THYMELAEACEAE. They are evergreen shrubs much cultivated in garden borders and rock gardens in mild climates. Members contain mezerein, flavonoids, and COUMARINS such as daphnetin and daphnin.

Year introduced: 2003

13.

Hibiscus

A plant genus of the family MALVACEAE. Members contain CITRIC ACID; MALATES; ANTHOCYANINS; FLAVONOIDS; GLYCOSIDES; DIETARY FIBER; and LIGNANS. Hibiscus sabdariffa is common constituent of HERBAL TEAS. Hibiscus cannabinus is a source of hemp fiber for TEXTILES.

Year introduced: 2003

14.

Derris

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.

Year introduced: 2002

15.

Vitex

A genus of trees in the Lamiaceae family containing assorted flavonoids with possible analgesic and antineoplastic properties. The fruit of these trees is used in herbal preparations.

Year introduced: 2000

16.

Hypericum

Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.

Year introduced: 2000

17.

Calendula

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain CAROTENOIDS, essential oils (OILS, VOLATILE), flavonoids, mucilage, SAPONINS, and STEROLS. The plants are used both topically and internally. The common name of Marigold is also used for TAGETES.

Year introduced: 2000

18.

Arnica

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The dried flower heads of Arnica montana are used externally as a counterirritant and tincture for sprains and bruises, either as crude extract or in homeopathic dilution (HOMEOPATHY). Arnica contains volatile oils (OILS, VOLATILE), arnicin, arnisterol, FLAVONOIDS; TANNINS; and resin. The common name of Wolf's Bane is similar to the common name for ACONITUM.

Year introduced: 1995

19.

Silymarin

A mixture of flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum. It consists primarily of silybin and its isomers, silicristin and silidianin. Silymarin displays antioxidant and membrane stabilizing activity. It protects various tissues and organs against chemical injury, and shows potential as an antihepatoxic agent.

Year introduced: 1991(1975)

20.

Shikimic Acid

A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid metabolite of the shikimate pathway. It is important in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids, flavonoids and alkaloids in plants and microorganisms.

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