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Oxidants
Electron-accepting molecules in chemical reactions in which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another (OXIDATION-REDUCTION).
Year introduced: 1992
Oxidants [Pharmacological Action]
Oxidants, Photochemical
Compounds that accept electrons in an oxidation-reduction reaction. The reaction is induced by or accelerated by exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the spectrum of visible or ultraviolet light.
Year introduced: 1975
Reactive Oxygen Species
Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and GENE EXPRESSION, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.
Year introduced: 1993
Antioxidants
Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard oxidation reactions. They counteract the damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.
Oxidants, Photochemical [Pharmacological Action]
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Bleaching Agents
Chemicals that are used to oxidize pigments and thus effect whitening.
Year introduced: 2011
peroxiredoxin Q, Arabidopsis [Supplementary Concept]
attached to the thylakoids and involved in photosynthesis; Prx Q-deficient plants had a decreased sensitivity to oxidants in a leaf slice test as indicated by chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements
Date introduced: June 7, 2006
GSH1 protein, S cerevisiae [Supplementary Concept]
a Gamma glutamylcysteine synthetase, catalyzes the first step in the gamma-glutamyl cycle for glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis; expression induced by oxidants, cadmium, and mercury
Date introduced: September 29, 2004
M1-70 monoclonal antibody [Supplementary Concept]
anti-CD11b M1/70 antibody attenuates blood-borne neutrophil oxidants, activation, and myofiber damage following stretch injury
Date introduced: April 7, 2004
superoxide-forming enzyme [Supplementary Concept]
catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to superoxide with NADPH as the electron donor, then undergoes a secondary reaction which leads to the production of hydrogen peroxide, OH and perhaps other reactive oxidants
Date introduced: January 1, 1979