MeSH

The metabolic process of all living cells (animal and plant) in which oxygen is used to provide a source of energy for the cell.

Year introduced: 1996

The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).

Non-therapeutic positive end-expiratory pressure occurring frequently in patients with severe airway obstruction. It can appear with or without the administration of external positive end-expiratory pressure (POSITIVE-PRESSURE RESPIRATION). It presents an important load on the inspiratory muscles which are operating at a mechanical disadvantage due to hyperinflation. Auto-PEEP may cause profound hypotension that should be treated by intravascular volume expansion, increasing the time for expiration, and/or changing from assist mode to intermittent mandatory ventilation mode. (From Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1127)

Year introduced: 1995

Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).

Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.

Year introduced: 1977

A method of mechanical ventilation in which pressure is maintained to increase the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of expiration, thus reducing the shunting of blood through the lungs and improving gas exchange.

Year introduced: 1991

An abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breathing. The cycle begins with slow, shallow breaths that gradually increase in depth and rate and is then followed by a period of apnea. The period of apnea can last 5 to 30 seconds, then the cycle repeats every 45 seconds to 3 minutes.

Year introduced: 1991(1966)

The number of times an organism breathes with the lungs (RESPIRATION) per unit time, usually per minute.

Year introduced: 2010

Calculation of the energy expenditure in the form of heat production of the whole body or individual organs based on respiratory gas exchange.

Year introduced: 1991(1975)

Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.

Year introduced: 1980

Date introduced: April 21, 2004

Denitrification regulatory protein; an activator of nitrite and nitric oxide reductases; amino acid sequence given in first source; similar to the NtrC protein family of transcriptional activators; found predominantly in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas stutzeri

Date introduced: January 19, 1993

required for expression of sex factor F & involved in regulation of envelope proteins; arcA and Sfr protein are separately expressed & regulated properties from the same protein

Date introduced: June 29, 1984

decapeptide associated with sea urchin eggs; activates spermatozoa

Date introduced: March 9, 1981