Comparison 2
Adjunct versus placebo/No adjunct during sevoflurane anaesthesia
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Emergence agitation | 75 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 1.1 Propofol induction | 1 | 52 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.5 [0.20, 1.26] |
| 1.2 Propofol 1 mg/kg just after induction | 1 | 40 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.91 [0.50, 1.64] |
| 1.3 Propofol 1 mg/kg bolus at end | 5 | 394 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.58 [0.38, 0.89] |
| 1.4 Thiopentone induction | 1 | 100 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.6 [0.29, 1.24] |
| 1.5 Thiopentone bolus just after induction | 1 | 50 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.06 [0.00, 0.97] |
| 1.6 Clonidine | 9 | 739 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.45 [0.31, 0.66] |
| 1.7 Dexmedetomidine | 12 | 851 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.37 [0.29, 0.47] |
| 1.8 Ketamine oral premedication | 2 | 169 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.20 [0.09, 0.44] |
| 1.9 Ketamine 0.25 mg/kg IV just after induction | 1 | 40 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.64 [0.31, 1.30] |
| 1.10 Ketamine 0.25 mg/kg IV bolus at end | 3 | 231 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.30 [0.13, 0.69] |
| 1.11 Fentanyl | 15 | 1247 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.37 [0.27, 0.50] |
| 1.12 Alfentanil | 1 | 100 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.71 [0.51, 0.98] |
| 1.13 Remifentanil | 5 | 284 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.50 [0.30, 0.85] |
| 1.14 Sufentanil | 2 | 105 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.34 [0.10, 1.19] |
| 1.15 Sufentanil + clonidine | 1 | 39 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.29 [0.12, 0.74] |
| 1.16 Nalbuphine | 1 | 57 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.10 [0.01, 0.71] |
| 1.17 Oxycodone | 1 | 64 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.21 [0.73, 2.02] |
| 1.18 Tramadol | 1 | 40 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.36 [0.14, 0.95] |
| 1.19 Dextromethorphan | 1 | 77 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.23 [0.11, 0.45] |
| 1.20 NSAID | 3 | 189 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.43 [0.26, 0.73] |
| 1.21 Midazolam premedication | 7 | 370 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.81 [0.59, 1.12] |
| 1.22 High dose vs usual dose midazolam premedication | 1 | 115 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.16 [0.74, 1.84] |
| 1.23 Flumazenil reversal of midazolam premedication | 1 | 30 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.0 [0.76, 1.32] |
| 1.24 Midazolam IV bolus | 2 | 116 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.57 [0.41, 0.81] |
| 1.25 5‐HT3 antagonists | 2 | 117 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.72 [0.34, 1.51] |
| 1.26 Hydroxyzine | 1 | 84 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.13 [0.03, 0.51] |
| 1.27 Melatonin | 1 | 50 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.25 [0.06, 1.06] |
| 1.28 Magnesium sulphate | 1 | 52 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.86 [0.33, 2.21] |
| 1.29 Caudal block | 2 | 74 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.22 [0.03, 1.77] |
| 1.30 Subtenon block | 1 | 250 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.38 [0.21, 0.69] |
| 1.31 Peritonsillar bupivacaine | 1 | 40 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.44 [0.16, 1.21] |
| 1.32 Gradual sevoflurane cessation | 1 | 85 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.10 [0.61, 1.98] |
| 1.33 Parental presence on emergence | 2 | 180 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.91 [0.51, 1.60] |