Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms linked to exercise during cardiopulmonary and metabolic disorders

Kelsey Fisher-Wellman; Heather K Bell; Richard J Bloomer

doi:10.4161/oxim.2.1.7732

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Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2009 Jan-Mar; 2(1): 43–51.

doi: 10.4161/oxim.2.1.7732

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Table 1

Acute exercise-induced oxidative stress and COPD

Reference	Subjects	Exercise	Tissue	Marker	Times	Effects
Vina	9 patients w/COPD	cycle ergometry at 40 W, 50–60	blood	GSH	pre, post	↔
(1996)		revolutions/min until dyspnea		GSSG		↑
Heunks	16 patients w/COPD	GXT on cycle	blood	GSH	pre, 0, 60 min post	↓ 0 post
(1999)				GSSG		↑ 0 post
				MDA		↑ 0, 60 post
Couillard	11 patients w/COPD	knee extension at loads ∼40%	blood	Phagocytic O₂^•−	pre, 0, 6 h post	↔
(2002)	12 controls	MVC (12 per min) until exhaustion		TBARS		↑ 6 h post in COPD
				Vitamin E		↔
Couillard	10 patients w/COPD	knee extension at loads ∼30%	muscle	TBARS	pre, 48 h post	↑48 h post in COPD
(2003)	12 controls	MVC (6 per min) until exhaustion		PC		↑48 h post in COPD
				GPx		↑ 48 h post in Control
Agacdiken	21 patients w/COPD	GXT on TM	blood	MDA	pre, 1, 3 h post	↑ 3 h post in COPD
(2004)	10 controls			GSH		↔
				Vitamin E		↑ 1 h post in COPD
Koechlin	10 patients w/COPD	knee extension at loads ∼40%	blood	Phagocytic O₂^•−	pre, 0, 6, 24, 48 h post	↑ 6 h post in both
(2004)	7 controls	MVC (12 per min) until exhaustion		TBARS		↑ 6 h post in COPD
				PC		↑ 6 h post in both
				Vitamin E		↔
				TAS		↔
Koechlin	9 patients w/COPD	Couillard 2002	blood	Phagocytic O₂^•−	pre, 0, 6 h post	↑ 6 h post
(2004)				TBARS		↑ 0, 6 h post
				PC		↑ 6 h post
				TEAC		↔
				Vitamin E		↔
Mercken	11 patients w/COPD	GXT on cycle and	blood	DNA damage	pre, 0, 4 h post	↑ 0, 4 h post in COPD
(2005)	11 controls	submax ride at 60% Wmax	urine	(comet assay)
			breath	MDA		↑ 0, 4 h post in COPD
						4 h post only in Control
				H₂O₂		↑ 4 h post in COPD
						0 h post in Control
van Helvoort	20 patients w/COPD	GXT on cycle and	blood	Neutrophil O₂^•−	pre, during, post	↑ in COPD
(2006)	10 controls	submax cycle ride at 50%		TAS		↓ in both
		Wmax		PC		↔
				TBARS		↑ in COPD
				GSH		↓ in both
				GSSG		↑ in COPD
Rabinovich	20 patients w/COPD	11 min of cycling at 40%	muscle	TGSH	pre, post	↔
(2006)	5 controls	Wpeak		cis-parinaric acid		↔
Pinho	15 patients w/COPD	GXT on cycle	blood	TBARS	pre, post	↔
(2007)				TRAP		↔
				XO		↓
van Helvoort	10 patients w/COPD	6 minute walk test	blood	Neutrophil O₂^•−	pre, post	↑ post both protocols
(2007)		GXT on cycle		TAS		↓ post both protocols
				PC		↑ post 6 min walk
				TBARS		↑ post both protocols

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Definitions: GSH, reduced glutathione; GSSG, oxidized glutathione; MDA, malondialdehyde; O₂^•−, superoxide radical; TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; PC, protein carbonyls; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; TAS, total antioxidant status; TEAC, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity; H₂O₂, Hydrogen Peroxide; TGSH, total glutathione; TRAP, total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter; XO, xanthine oxidase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; oxLDL, oxidized low density lipoprotein; GR, glutathione reductase; GST, glutathione transferase; CAT, catalase; LOOH, lipid hydroperoxides; 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine; CD, conjugated dienes; ↑, significant increase from pre exercise value; ↓, significant decrease from pre exercise value; ↔, no significant change; numbers following ↑, ↓, ↔, represent respective time points where significant findings occurred.