Table 1
Mean values of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure.
| Overall (n = 1004) | SBP * | DBP * | Pulse blood pressure * | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | % | Mean As Conc* (µg/liter, SD) | Mean (mmHg, SD) | Systolic hypertension (SBP, ≥140 mmHg), %Ɨ | Mean (mmHg, SD) | Diastolic hypertension (DBP, ≥90 mmHg),%Ɨ | Mean (mmHg, SD) | High pulse pressure (≥55 mmHg), %Ɨ | |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Female | 687 | 68.4 | 143.3, ± 185.3 | 110.3, ± 15.9 | 9.8 | 73.1, ± 10.5 | 10.9 | 37.1, ± 8.8 | 3.3 |
| Male | 317 | 31.6 | 192.2, ± 220.8 | 114.0, ± 16.4 | 6.7 | 75.3, ± 11.3 | 12.3 | 38.7, ± 9.1 | 5.7 |
| Age (years) | |||||||||
| 30–39 | 405 | 40.3 | 157.5, ± 187.2 | 109.2, ± 13.0 | 2.5 | 72.9, ± 8.6 | 5.4 | 36.4, ± 7.0 | 1 |
| 40–49 | 263 | 26.2 | 159.5, ± 202.4 | 109.2, ± 15.7 | 5.3 | 72.4, ± 10.8 | 9.5 | 36.8, ± 8.7 | 3 |
| 50–59 | 156 | 15.6 | 146.5, ± 194.9 | 113.1, ± 16.5 | 10.3 | 74.6, ± 11.8 | 15.4 | 38.5, ± 9.0 | 5.1 |
| ≥60 | 180 | 17.9 | 171.1, ± 220.2 | 118.3, ± 21.5 | 20.6 | 77.3, ± 13.3 | 23.9 | 41.0, ± 11.9 | 11.7 |
| BMI *(tertiles) | |||||||||
| <18.22 | 328 | 33 | 202.2, ± 224.7 | 106.8, ± 17.2 | 7 | 70.6, ± 11.2 | 7.6 | 36.1, ± 9.7 | 3.7 |
| 18.22-21.33 | 333 | 33 | 158.5, ± 195.8 | 111.4, ± 14.8 | 5.4 | 74.0, ± 10.1 | 10.2 | 37.5, ± 8.6 | 4.2 |
| >21.33 | 343 | 34 | 117.4, ± 162.7 | 116.0, ± 15.0 | 10.5 | 76.7, ± 10.2 | 16 | 39.3, ± 8.3 | 4.4 |
| Education | |||||||||
| No education | 694 | 69.1 | 155.4, ± 199.4 | 111.6, ± 17.0 | 9.2 | 73.9, ± 11.3 | 12.5 | 37.8, ± 9.4 | 4.9 |
| Primary | 186 | 18.5 | 150.5, ± 179.7 | 111.0, ± 14.6 | 5.4 | 72.9, ± 10.2 | 10.2 | 38.0, ± 8.4 | 2.7 |
| Secondary | 124 | 12.4 | 190.0, ± 218.0 | 111.2, ± 12.8 | 2.4 | 74.9, ± 8.2 | 6.4 | 36.3, ± 6.8 | 1.6 |
| Religion | |||||||||
| Muslim | 766 | 76.3 | 196.3, ± 207.7 | 110.1, ± 15.9 | 6.1 | 73.0, ± 10.5 | 9.9 | 37.2, ± 9.3 | 3.9 |
| Hindu | 238 | 23.7 | 37.8, ± 90.2 | 115.7, ± 16.3 | 12.6 | 76.6, ± 11.2 | 16 | 39.2, ± 7.4 | 4.6 |
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Currently married | 862 | 85.9 | 160.7, ± 201.7 | 111.3, ± 15.6 | 7 | 73.8, ± 10.5 | 10.9 | 37.6, ± 8.7 | 3.7 |
| Widowed/divorced | 131 | 13 | 141.5, ± 178.4 | 112.5, ± 19.1 | 12.2 | 74.2, ± 12.4 | 14.5 | 38.3, ± 10.8 | 6.9 |
| Never married | 11 | 1.1 | 210.4, ± 167.4 | 110.0, ± 17.6 | 9.1 | 72.5, ± 12.4 | 9.1 | 36.5, ± 7.6 | 0 |
| Monthly income | |||||||||
| ≤50$ (1$ = 80tk) | 537 | 53.5 | 151.0, ± 196.0 | 112.2, ± 17.3 | 10.2 | 74.0, ± 11.3 | 12.6 | 38.1, ± 9.5 | 4.7 |
| >50$ | 467 | 46.5 | 167.7, ± 201.1 | 110.6, ± 14.6 | 4.7 | 73.6, ± 10.2 | 10.1 | 37.1, ± 8.3 | 3.4 |
| Arsenical skin lesions | |||||||||
| No lesions | 614 | 61.2 | 102.5, ± 154.7 | 113.0, ± 15.7 | 9 | 74.9, ± 10.8 | 13.4 | 72.0, ± 10.8 | 3.4 |
| Melanosis | 83 | 8.2 | 177.3, ± 196.4 | 108.1, ± 15.2 | 4.8 | 72.5, ± 9.5 | 7.2 | 35.5, ± 8.1 | 2.4 |
| Keratosis | 34 | 3.4 | 250.7, ± 270.0 | 104.1, ± 14.4 | 2.9 | 71.2, ± 10.7 | 2.9 | 32.9, ± 8.3 | 0 |
| Leucomelanosis | 273 | 27.2 | 268.1, ± 224.8 | 109.9, ± 17.0 | 6.2 | 72.0, ± 10.8 | 9.2 | 38.0, ± 11.3 | 6.6 |
| * As exp. by quartile (µg/L) | |||||||||
| 1st quartile (10–22) | 296 | 29.5 | 16.5, ±4.7 | 112.2, ±15.0 | 7.8 | 74.9, ±10.9 | 10.8 | 37.2, ±7.4 | 1.7 |
| 2nd quartile (23–32) | 209 | 20.8 | 28.5, ±3.5 | 112.1, ±17.4 | 10.5 | 74.1, ±10.6 | 13.9 | 38.0, ±9.6 | 4.8 |
| 3rd quartile (33–261) | 253 | 25.2 | 141, ±67.7 | 110.4, ±16.5 | 5.9 | 73.4, ±10.9 | 11.1 | 37.0, ±8.8 | 4 |
| 4th quartile (≥262) | 246 | 24.5 | 458.5, ±164.6 | 111.1, ±16.0 | 6.9 | 72.7, ±10.6 | 10.2 | 38.5, ±10.2 | 6.5 |
* SBP: Systolic blood pressure, *DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; * Mean As Conc.: Mean arsenic concentration in drinking water; Ɨ: Prevalence of systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure; * As: Arsenic.