Table 2
Summary of safety studies in various target and non target species
| Order | Family | Species | No of animals (route of administration) | SAG dose per animal (volume) | Time of observation | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rodentia | Cricetidae | Common vole | 9 p.o. | 107.7 PFU (0.05 mL) | 78 days | [36] |
| (Microtus arvalisà) | 9 i.m. | 107.5 PFU (0.03 mL) | 78 days | |||
| Rodentia | Cricetidae | Bank vole (Myodes glareolus) | 11 p.o. | 107.7 PFU (0.05 mL) | 78 days | [36] |
| 11 i.m. | 107.5 PFU (0.03 mL) | 78 days | ||||
| Rodentia | Cricetidae | European water vole | 2 p.o. | 107.7 PFU (0.05 mL) | 78 days | [36] |
| (Arvicola amphibius) | ||||||
| Rodentia | Cricetidae | Tundra vole | 9 p.o. | 107.16 MICLD50 (0.03 mL) | 46 days | [40] |
| (Microtus oeconomus) | ||||||
| Rodentia | Cricetidae | Northern red-backed vole (Myodes rutilus) | 10 p.o. | 107.16 MICLD50 (0.03 mL) | 46 days | [40] |
| Rodentia | Sciuridae | Arctic ground squirrel | 9 p.o. | 107.68 MICLD50 (0.1 mL) | 46 days | [40] |
| (Spermophilus parryii) | ||||||
| Rodentia | Muridae | Field mouse | 15 p.o. | 107.5 PFU (0.05 mL) | 78 days | [36] |
| (Apodemus flavicollis | 15 p.o. | 107.7 PFU (0.03 mL) | 78 days | |||
| or Apodemus sylvaticus) | 10 i.c. | 107.5 PFU (0.03 mL) | 78 days | |||
| Rodentia | Muridae | Norway rat | 15 p.o. | 107.44 PFU (0.05 mL) | 42 days | [36] |
| (Rattus norvegicus) | 15 i.m. | 107.44 PFU (0.05 mL) | 42 days | |||
| Rodentia | Muridae | Multi-mammate mouse | 39 p.o. | 108.0 TCID50 (0.1 mL) | ≥ 90 days | [37] |
| (Mastomys natalensis) | ||||||
| Rodentia | Muridae | Bushfelt gerbil | 26 p.o. | 108.0 TCID50 (0.1 mL) | ≥ 90 days | [37] |
| (Gerbilliscus leucogaster) | ||||||
| Rodentia | Muridae | North African gerbil (Gerbillus campestris) | 32 i.m. | 107.0 - 108.5 TCID50 (0.03-0.1 mL) | 60 days | [38] |
| Rodentia | Muridae | Merion | 14 p.o. | 108.2 - 109.2 TCID50 (0.05-0.5 mL) | 60 days | [38] |
| (Meriones) | 14 i.m. | 107.0 - 108.5 TCID50 (0.03-0.1 mL) | 60 days | |||
| Rodentia | Dipodidae | Greater Egyptian Jerboa (Jaculus orientalis) | 2 i.m. | 107.0 TCID50 (0.03 mL) | 60 days | [38] |
| Carnivora | Canidae | Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) | 10 p.o. | 109.8 TCID50 (2 mL) | 183 days | [26] |
| Carnivora | Canidae | Black-backed jackal | 3 p.o. | 107.5 TCID50 (1 mL) | 180 days | [30] |
| (Canis mesomelas) | 3 p.o. | 106.5 TCID50 (1 mL) | 180 days | |||
| Carnivora | Canidae | Side-striped jackal | 3 p.o. | 107.5 TCID50 (1 mL) | 180 days | [30] |
| (Canis adustus) | 3 p.o. | 106.5 TCID50 (1 mL) | 180 days | |||
| Carnivora | Canidae | Golden jackal (Canis aureus) | 8 p.o. | 109.5 TCID50 (1 mL) | 90 days | [38] |
| Carnivora | Canidae | Western coyote (Canis latrans) | 5 p.o. 4 p.o. | 108.3 TCID50 (bait) 109.6 TCID50 (bait) | 30 days 30 days | (Rupprecht et al.: Efficacy of SAG2 for oral vaccination of coyotes against rabies, unpublished) |
| Carnivora | Canidae | Domestic dog (Canis familiaris) | 21 p.o. | 109.5 TCID50 (1 mL) | 90 or 180 days | [38] |
| Carnivora | Canidae | Wild dog (Lycaon pictus) | 4 p.o. | 108.0 TCID50 (1 mL) | 634 days | [39] |
| Carnivora | Canidae | Raccoon dog | 5 p.o. | 1010.0 CCID50 (1.7 mL) | 60 days | [35] |
| (Nyctereutes procyonoides) | 5 p.o. | 109.8 CCID50 (bait) | ||||
| Carnivora | Felidae | Domestic cat (Felis catus) | 10 p.o. | 1010 TCID50 (1 mL) | 180 days | [26] |
| Carnivora | Felidae | Domestic cat (Felis catus) | 11 p.o. | 109.5 TCID50 (1 mL) | 90 days | [38] |
| Carnivora | Mustelidae | Domestic ferret | 4 p.o. | 108.17 PFU (2 mL) | 37 days | [36] |
| (Mustela putorius furo) | 4 i.m. | |||||
| Carnivora | Mustelidae | Honey badger (Mellivora capensis) | 6 p.o. | 109.0 TCID50 (1 mL) | ≥ 90 days | [37] |
| Carnivora | Mustelidae | European badger (Meles meles) | 5 p.o. | 108.17 PFU (2 mL) | 35 days | [36] |
| Carnivora | Viverridae | African civet | 6 p.o. | 109.0 TCID50 (1 mL) | ≥ 90 days | [37] |
| (Civettictis civetta) | ||||||
| Carnivora | Viverridae | Large-spotted genet | 6 p.o. | 109.7 TCID50 (1 mL) | ≥ 90 days | [37] |
| (Genetta tigrina) | ||||||
| Carnivora | Herpestidae | Slender mongoose | 6 p.o. | 109.0 TCID50 (1 mL) | ≥ 90 days | [37] |
| (Galerella sanguinea) | ||||||
| Carnivora | Procyonidae | Raccoon (Procyon lotor) | 5 p.o. | 109.0 TCID50 (1 mL) | 30 days | [55] |
| Carnivora | Mephitidae | Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) | 5 p.o. | 109.0 TCID50 (1 mL) | 30 days | [55] |
| Primates | Cercopithecidae | Chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) | 10 p.o. | 109.0 TCID50 (1 mL) | ≥ 90 days | [37] |
| Erinaceomorpha | Erinaceidae | Western European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) | 6 p.o. | 107.87 PFU (1 mL) | 57 days | [36] |
| Artiodactyla | Suidae | Wild boar (Sus scrofa) | 5 p.o. | 108.88 PFU (2 mL) | 35 days | [36] |
| Artiodactyla | Bovidae | Domestic goat (Capra hircus) | 6 p.o. | 108.8 PFU (2 mL) | 35 days | [36] |
| Artiodactyla | Bovidae | Cow (Bos primigenius) | 5 p.o. | 1010.0 CCID50 | 60 days | [26] |
| Passeriformes | Corvidae | Carrion crow (Corvus corone) | 7 p.o. | 108.66 PFU (1.5 mL) | 33 days | [36] |
| Passeriformes | Corvidae | Pied crow (Corvus albus) | 6 p.o. | 109.0 TCID50 (1 mL) | ≥ 90 days | [37] |
| Passeriformes | Corvidae | Rook (Corvus frugilegus) | 8 p.o. | 108.66 PFU (1.5 mL) | 33 days | [36] |
| Falconiformes | Accipitridae | Buzzard (Buteo buteo) | 7 p.o. | 108.18 PFU (1.0 mL) | 33 days | [36] |
| Falconiformes | Accipitridae | Red kite (Milvus milvus) | 1 p.o. | 108.18 PFU (1.0 mL) | 33 days | [36] |
| Strigiformes | Strigidae | Tawny owl (Strix aluco) | 1 p.o. | 108.18 PFU (1.0 mL) | 33 days | [36] |
| Strigiformes | Strigidae | Long-eared owl (Asio otus) | 2 p.o. | 108.18 PFU (1.0 mL) | 33 days | [36] |
| Strigiformes | Tytonidae | Barn owl (Tyto alba) | 1 p.o. | 108.18 PFU (1.0 mL) | 33 days | [36] |
TCID50: median tissue culture infectious doses.
p.f.u.: plaque forming units.
MICLD50: mouse intracerebral lethal dose (107.2 MICLD50 equivalent to 109.0 CCID50).
p.o. = per os, i.m. = intramuscularly.