PMC full text:
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as:
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2015 Nov; 24(11): 1748–1757.
Published online 2015 Sep 12. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-15-0432Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of NIAT and FOX study samples.
| NIAT
| FOX
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Overall n = 196 | Males n = 96 | Females n = 100 | Sex diff. (p) | Overall n = 375 | Males n = 183 | Females n = 192 | Sex diff. (p) |
| Demographic | ||||||||
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| Age (y) | 38.7 ± 10.4 (19 – 66) | 42.3 ± 10.2 (25 – 66) | 35.1 ± 9.3 (19 – 57) | <0.0001 | 43.1 ± 8.3 (30 – 63) | 44.5 ± 8.6 (31 – 63) | 41.7 ± 7.7 (30 – 62) | 0.002 |
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| BMI (kg/m2)a | 19.9 ± 3.1 (14.4 – 32.5) | 19.5 ± 2.7 (15.1– 25.9) | 20.2 ± 3.5 (14.4 – 32.5) | 0.14 | 20.4 ± 3.5 (13.8 – 35.3) | 19.7 ± 3.2 (14.2 – 32.3) | 21.0 ± 3.7 (13.8 – 35.3) | 0.0004 |
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| Cigarette smoking (ever) | 81 (41.3) | 75 (78.1) | 6 (6.0) | <0.0001 | 137 (36.5) | 126 (68.9) | 11 (5.7) | <0.0001 |
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| Betel nut chewing (ever) | 76 (38.8) | 42 (43.8) | 34 (34.0) | 0.16 | 160 (42.7) | 81 (44.3) | 79 (41.2) | 0.54 |
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| Arsenic exposure | ||||||||
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| Water As (μg/L) | 105 ± 103 (0.1 – 435) | 107 ± 107 (0.1 – 399) | 102 ± 97 (0.4 – 435) | 0.94 | 139 ± 125 (0.4 – 700) | 145 ± 135 (0.4 – 700) | 134 ± 114 (0.4 – 493) | 0.75 |
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| Blood As (μg/L) | -- | -- | -- | -- | 13.4 ± 9.8 (1.2 – 57.0) | 15.0 ± 10.9 (1.3 – 57.0) | 11.9 ± 8.4 (1.2 – 39.4) | 0.008 |
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| Urinary As adj. for uCr (μg/L)b | 121 ± 99 (12 – 544) | 108 ± 87 (12 – 460) | 133 ± 107 (19 – 544) | 0.07 | 161 ± 120 (10 – 548) | 154 ± 117 (10 – 548) | 167 ± 124 (10 – 503) | 0.39 |
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| Urinary %InAs | 15.2 ± 6.8 (6.0 – 60.1) | 15.1 ± 6.0 (7.1 – 43.2) | 15.3 ± 7.5 (6.0 – 60.1) | 0.72 | 17.7 ± 5.5 (6.7 – 51.8) | 17.4 ± 4.9 (8.3 – 42.9) | 18.0 ± 6.1 (6.7 – 51.8) | 0.56 |
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| Urinary %MMA | 12.9 ± 4.3 (3.8 – 26.9) | 15.0 ± 4.0 (5.4 – 24.1) | 11.3 ± 4.0 (3.8 – 26.9) | <0.0001 | 14.0 ± 5.0 (3.6 – 30.0) | 16.0 ± 5.0 (5.6 – 30.0) | 12.0 ± 4.3 (3.6 – 26.7) | <0.0001 |
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| Urinary %DMA | 79.1 ± 8.4 (36.2 – 87.9) | 70.4 ± 7.7 (39.3 – 87.5) | 73.3 ± 8.7 (36.2 – 87.9) | 0.003 | 68.3 ± 7.9 (38.3 – 88.0) | 66.6 ± 7.5 (39.5 – 82.1) | 70.0 ± 7.9 (38.3 – 88.0) | <0.0001 |
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| DNA methylation | ||||||||
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| Global %5-mC (% of total C) | 4.61 ± 0.10 (4.36 – 4.99) | 4.58 ± 0.09 (4.36 – 4.88) | 4.64 ± 0.09 (4.45 – 4.99) | <0.0001 | 4.57 ± 0.12 (4.24 – 4.85) | 4.60 ± 0.11 (4.26 – 4.85) | 4.54 ± 0.12 (4.24 – 4.83) | <0.0001 |
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| Global %5-hmC (% of total C) | 0.032 ± 0.004 (0.025 – 0.044) | 0.033 ± 0.004 (0.025 – 0.044) | 0.032 ± 0.004 (0.015 – 0.049) | 0.70 | 0.031 ± 0.006 (0.015 – 0.051) | 0.031 ± 0.006 (0.015 – 0.049) | 0.031 ± 0.006 (0.018 – 0.051) | 0.61 |
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| Homocysteine | ||||||||
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| Plasma tHcys (μM)e | 10.9 ± 5.1 (0.2 – 39.8) | 12.6 ± 5.2 (6.0 – 39.8) | 9.2 ± 4.4 (0.2 – 36.5) | <0.0001 | 11.2 ± 13.0 (3.0 – 165.6) | 14.0 ± 17.6 (5.0 – 165.6) | 8.6 ± 5.0 (3.0 – 57.6) | <0.0001 |
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| HHcys (males > 11.4 μM, females > 10.4 μM) | 71 (36.2) | 48 (50.0) | 23 (23.0) | <0.0001 | 104 (27.7) | 67 (36.6) | 37 (19.3) | 0.0002 |
aNIAT overall, n = 194; NIAT females, n = 98; FOX overall, n = 374, FOX females, n = 191;
bNIAT overall, n = 190; NIAT males, n = 92; NIAT females, n = 98;
cNIAT overall, n = 190; NIAT males, n = 92; NIAT females, n = 98; FOX overall, n = 374; FOX males, n = 182;
dNIAT males, n = 92; NIAT females, n = 98; FOX overall, n = 368; FOX males, n = 181; FOX females, n = 187;
eNIAT overall, n = 194; NIAT males, n = 95; NIAT females, n = 99