Acyl-CoA quantitation by SID-LC-MS/MS analysis demonstrates metabolic alterations. (A) The ratio of succinyl-CoA/acetyl-CoA is significantly decreased in failing myocardium (B) A significant change in failing hearts of short chain acyl-CoA species, including the ketogenic 3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA (β-HB), is observed as compared to non-failing. A Mann-Whitney non-parametric test performed for each of these comparisons.