PMC full text:
JAMA. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 May 13.
Published in final edited form as:
JAMA. 2016 Apr 26; 315(16): 1750–1766.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.4226Table 1
Race and Ethnicity Adjusted Expected Age at Death by Commuting Zone and Income Quartile, 2001–2014
| Race and Ethnicity Adjusted Expected Age at Death in Years, Bottom Income Quartile | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Commuting Zone | Bottom Income Quartile, Mean | Bottom Income Quartile, Men | Bottom Income Quartile, Women | Diff. Between Top and Bottom Income Quartiles, Mean |
| 1 | New York City, NY | 81.8 (81.6, 82.0) | 79.5 (79.3, 79.8) | 84.0 (83.7, 84.4) | 4.8 (4.5, 5.0) |
| 2 | Santa Barbara, CA | 81.7 (81.3, 82.1) | 79.4 (78.9, 79.9) | 84.0 (83.4, 84.6) | 5.8 (5.3, 6.4) |
| 3 | San Jose, CA | 81.6 (81.2, 82.0) | 79.5 (79.0, 79.9) | 83.7 (83.1, 84.3) | 4.7 (4.3, 5.0) |
| 4 | Miami, FL | 81.2 (80.9, 81.6) | 78.3 (77.8, 78.7) | 84.2 (83.7, 84.8) | 4.2 (3.9, 4.5) |
| 5 | Los Angeles, CA | 81.1 (80.9, 81.4) | 79.0 (78.7, 79.3) | 83.2 (82.8, 83.6) | 4.7 (4.5, 4.9) |
| 6 | San Diego, CA | 81.1 (80.8, 81.4) | 78.8 (78.5, 79.1) | 83.4 (83.0, 83.8) | 5.3 (5.0, 5.6) |
| 7 | San Francisco, CA | 80.9 (80.6, 81.3) | 78.8 (78.4, 79.2) | 83.0 (82.5, 83.7) | 5.2 (5.0, 5.4) |
| 8 | Santa Rosa, CA | 80.8 (80.5, 81.2) | 79.0 (78.6, 79.5) | 82.6 (82.1, 83.1) | 6.1 (5.6, 6.6) |
| 9 | Newark, NJ | 80.7 (80.5, 80.9) | 78.2 (78.0, 78.4) | 83.2 (83.0, 83.6) | 5.6 (5.3, 5.8) |
| 10 | Port St. Lucie, FL | 80.7 (80.5, 80.9) | 78.0 (77.8, 78.3) | 83.3 (83.1, 83.7) | 6.2 (5.9, 6.5) |
| … | US Mean | 79.4 (79.4–79.5) | 76.7 (76.7–76.8) | 82.1 (82.1–82.2) | 7.0 (6.9–7.1) |
| 91 | San Antonio, TX | 78.0 (77.6, 78.4) | 75.2 (74.7, 75.7) | 80.8 (80.1, 81.5) | 7.9 (7.4, 8.4) |
| 92 | Louisville, KY | 77.9 (77.7, 78.2) | 74.9 (74.6, 75.3) | 80.9 (80.5, 81.3) | 8.4 (8.0, 8.8) |
| 93 | Toledo, OH | 77.9 (77.6, 78.2) | 74.9 (74.6, 75.4) | 80.8 (80.3, 81.3) | 8.0 (7.5, 8.4) |
| 94 | Cincinnati, OH | 77.9 (77.7, 78.1) | 75.2 (74.9, 75.5) | 80.5 (80.2, 80.9) | 8.4 (8.0, 8.8) |
| 95 | Detroit, MI | 77.7 (77.5, 77.8) | 74.8 (74.6, 75.0) | 80.5 (80.3, 80.8) | 8.2 (8.0, 8.4) |
| 96 | Tulsa, OK | 77.6 (77.4, 77.9) | 74.9 (74.6, 75.3) | 80.3 (79.9, 80.7) | 8.2 (7.7, 8.6) |
| 97 | Indianapolis, IN | 77.6 (77.4, 77.8) | 74.6 (74.3, 75.0) | 80.6 (80.2, 80.9) | 8.5 (8.1, 8.8) |
| 98 | Oklahoma City, OK | 77.6 (77.3, 77.8) | 75.0 (74.7, 75.3) | 80.2 (79.8, 80.5) | 8.3 (7.9, 8.7) |
| 99 | Las Vegas, NV | 77.6 (77.4, 77.8) | 75.1 (74.9, 75.3) | 80.0 (79.7, 80.3) | 6.5 (6.2, 6.8) |
| 100 | Gary, IN | 77.4 (77.1, 77.8) | 74.2 (73.8, 74.6) | 80.7 (80.2, 81.2) | 7.2 (6.7, 7.8) |
| Race and Ethnicity Adjusted Expected Age at Death in Years, Top Income Quartile | |||||
| Rank | Commuting Zone | Top Income Quartile, Mean | Top Income Quartile, Men | Top Income Quartile, Women | Diff. Between Top and Bottom Income Quartiles, Mean |
| 1 | Salt Lake City, UT | 87.8 (87.5, 88.1) | 86.6 (86.2, 87.0) | 89.0 (88.6, 89.4) | 8.3 (7.9, 8.7) |
| 2 | Portland, ME | 87.8 (87.3, 88.2) | 86.8 (86.3, 87.5) | 88.7 (88.0, 89.4) | 7.4 (6.8, 7.9) |
| 3 | Spokane, WA | 87.7 (87.2, 88.1) | 86.1 (85.4, 86.8) | 89.2 (88.7, 89.9) | 7.7 (7.2, 8.3) |
| 4 | Santa Barbara, CA | 87.5 (87.2, 87.9) | 86.3 (85.8, 86.8) | 88.7 (88.2, 89.3) | 5.8 (5.3, 6.4) |
| 5 | Denver, CO | 87.5 (87.3, 87.7) | 86.6 (86.3, 86.9) | 88.4 (88.1, 88.7) | 7.9 (7.6, 8.2) |
| 6 | Minneapolis, MN | 87.3 (87.1, 87.5) | 86.4 (86.1, 86.7) | 88.2 (88.0, 88.5) | 7.7 (7.4, 8.0) |
| 7 | Grand Rapids, MI | 87.3 (87.0, 87.6) | 86.2 (85.7, 86.7) | 88.4 (87.9, 88.9) | 8.1 (7.7, 8.5) |
| 8 | Madison, WI | 87.2 (86.8, 87.7) | 86.1 (85.5, 86.7) | 88.4 (87.9, 89.0) | 8.1 (7.5, 8.7) |
| 9 | Eugene, OR | 87.2 (86.9, 87.6) | 86.3 (85.8, 86.9) | 88.2 (87.7, 88.8) | 7.3 (6.8, 7.8) |
| 10 | Springfield, MA | 87.2 (86.8, 87.7) | 86.3 (85.8, 86.9) | 88.1 (87.5, 88.8) | 7.2 (6.6, 7.9) |
| … | US Mean | 86.4 (86.3–86.5) | 85.3 (85.2–85.4) | 87.5 (87.4–87.6) | 7.0 (6.9–7.1) |
| 91 | Youngstown, OH | 85.8 (85.3, 86.3) | 84.6 (84.0, 85.3) | 86.9 (86.2, 87.7) | 6.7 (6.2, 7.3) |
| 92 | Los Angeles, CA | 85.8 (85.5, 86.0) | 84.9 (84.7, 85.2) | 86.6 (86.2, 87.0) | 4.7 (4.5, 4.9) |
| 93 | Lakeland, FL | 85.8 (85.2, 86.3) | 84.2 (83.4, 85.0) | 87.3 (86.6, 88.2) | 6.7 (6.1, 7.3) |
| 94 | Miami, FL | 85.4 (85.1, 85.7) | 84.3 (83.8, 84.7) | 86.6 (86.1, 87.1) | 4.2 (3.9, 4.5) |
| 95 | Bakersfield, CA | 85.0 (84.5, 85.5) | 84.1 (83.4, 84.8) | 86.0 (85.2, 86.8) | 6.1 (5.5, 6.8) |
| 96 | El Paso, TX | 85.0 (84.4, 85.7) | 83.2 (82.3, 84.2) | 86.7 (85.9, 87.7) | 5.9 (5.1, 6.7) |
| 97 | Brownsville, TX | 84.8 (84.1, 85.7) | 83.4 (82.4, 84.5) | 86.3 (85.3, 87.6) | 4.8 (3.9, 5.7) |
| 98 | Honolulu, HI | 84.8 (83.8, 86.0) | 84.2 (83.0, 85.5) | 85.3 (83.8, 87.3) | 6.6 (6.1, 7.2) |
| 99 | Gary, IN | 84.6 (84.2, 85.1) | 83.1 (82.5, 83.7) | 86.1 (85.5, 86.8) | 7.2 (6.7, 7.8) |
| 100 | Las Vegas, NV | 84.1 (83.8, 84.4) | 82.8 (82.4, 83.2) | 85.3 (84.9, 85.8) | 6.5 (6.2, 6.8) |
Table shows levels of expected age at death for individuals in bottom income quartile (upper panel) and top income quartile (bottom panel) of the national income distribution. Estimates are shown for CZs with the highest and lowest life expected age at death among the 100 most populous CZs. Column 1 reports means across genders; columns 2 and 3 report estimates by gender; column 4 reports longevity gaps (top income quartile minus bottom income quartile), pooling genders. 95% confidence intervals are shown in parentheses.