Figure 1

TFEB Induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis

(A) Genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism that were affected by TFEB expression are shown in colored circles. The upregulated (red circles) and downregulated genes (green circles) are shown in TFEB-overexpressing and TFEB KO, respectively. The genes were divided into functional sub-categories.

(B–D) EM analysis of skeletal muscles from WT mice transfected with AAV2.1-GFP (B) and AAV2.1-TFEB (C), and from TFEB KO mice (D). Normal mitochondria are indicated by black arrows (B and C), while abnormal mitochondria in TFEB KO muscle (D) are indicated by empty arrows. Accumulation of glycogen is shown by white arrows in (C). The scale bars represent 500 nm.

(E and F) Morphometrical analyses of mitochondrial number (E) and size (F) in TFEB-overexpressing and TFEB KO muscles compared to controls. Error bars represent mean ± SE, n = 3; ^∗∗p < 0.01.

(G) mtDNA analysis of muscles infected with AAV2.1-TFEB and from TFEB KO compared to WT mice. Quantitative real-time PCR of mtDNA copy numbers. Data are shown as mean ± SE, n = 3; ^∗∗p < 0.01.

(H) Quantification of abnormal mitochondria in TFEB KO gastrocnemius (GCN) muscles compared to WT muscles. Data are expressed as percentage of abnormal mitochondria on total mitochondria of 16 pictures (for detailed description of the criteria, see Experimental Procedures). Error bars represent mean ± SE; ^∗p < 0.05.