PMC full text:
Published online 2018 Jan 22. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15010168
Table 1
Study participant characteristics.
| Characteristic | Mean (±SD) or N (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 47.44 | (±15.55) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 491 | (51.30%) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 442 | (46.2%) |
| Mexican American | 120 | (12.5%) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 204 | (21.3%) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 87 | (9.1%) |
| Other Race | 104 | (10.8%) |
| PIR a | 2.2 | (±1.61) |
| PIR < 1 | 278 | (29.0%) |
| Smoker | 196 | (20.5%) |
| BMI b (kg/m2) | 29.01 | (±7.34) |
| Normal | 313 | (32.7%) |
| Overweight | 290 | (30.3%) |
| Obese | 354 | (36.9%) |
| Metabolic syndrome components | ||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 102.21 | (±34.94) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 122.09 | (±17.53) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 68.99 | (±11.55) |
| Serum triglycerides (mg/dL) | 139.93 | (±235.32) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 99.12 | (±16.91) |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 52.63 | (±15.28) |
| Urinary Arsenic Species | ||
| iAs III c (μg/L) | 0.51 | (±0.45) |
| MMA III + V d (μg/L) | 0.63 | (±0.55) |
| DMA III + V e (μg/L) | 4.68 | (±5.38) |
| %iAs f | 9.68 | (±6.70) |
| %MMA g | 11.69 | (±5.95) |
| %DMA h | 78.63 | (±9.94) |
| PMI i | 1.89 | (±1.89) |
| SMI j | 10.44 | (±20.72) |
| Number of Metabolic syndrome components | ||
| 0 | 179 (18.7%) | |
| 1 | 233 (24.3%) | |
| 2 | 214 (22.4%) | |
| 3 | 193 (20.2%) | |
| 4 | 104 (10.9%) | |
| 5 | 34 (3.6%) | |
| Less than 2 | 626 (65.4%) | |
| 3 or more | 331 (34.6%) | |
a Poverty Income Ratio was calculated according to the Department of Health and Human Service (HHS) guidelines by dividing family income by the poverty guidelines specific to the survey year [30]; b Body Mass Index was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared rounded to one decimal place; c arsenite; d monomethylarsonous and monomethylarsonic acid; e dimethylarsinic and dimethylarsinous acid; f (iAs/(iAs + MMA + DMA) × 100); g (MMA/(iAs + MMA + DMA) × 100); h (DMA/(iAs + MMA + DMA) × 100); i (MMA/iAs); j (DMA/MMA).