PMC full text:
Published online 2019 Jan 9. doi: 10.1186/s40425-018-0495-7
Table 3
Recombinant vaccinia virus (VV) vectors as cancer vaccines: representative clinical studies
| Name | VV strains or other poxvirus | TAA | Immunostimulatory gene or agents | Clinical trial stage and type of cancer | Immunological responses and clinical outcomes | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TroVax | MVA | 5 T4 | A variety of agents (such as IL-2, IFN-α, sunitinib) | Phases II and III (n = 733) Metastatic renal cancer | (1). Patients with good prognosis receiving vaccine + IL-2 had improved overall survival when compared to IL-2 alone. (2). Association between 5 T4-specific (but not MVA) antibody responses and enhanced survival. | [73, 195] |
| VV with A0201- restricted epitopes | MVA | Epitopes from gp100, MART-2 & tyrosinase | B7.1 and B7.2 (CD80 and CD86) | Phase I, II Melanoma | Direct injection into lymph node, or given as a prime followed by peptide boosting; both gave antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses. No overall survival benefit. | [64, 196] |
| TG4010 + chemo | MVA | MUC1 | IL-2 | Phase 2b Non-small cell lung cancer | TG4010 plus chemotherapy seems to improve progression-free survival relative to placebo plus chemotherapy. Because the primary endpoint was met, the trial will continue into phase III. | [82] |
| MVA-brachyury-TRICOM | MVA | Brachyury | TRICOM [B7.1, ICAM-1, LFA3] | Phase I (n = 38) Advanced cancer patients | Brachyury-specific T-cell responses were observed at all dose levels and in most patients. | [197] |
| PROSTVAC | VV prime and fowlpox boost | PSA | TRICOM [B7.1, ICAM-1, LFA3] | Phase II Prostate cancer | Increased PSA-specific CTL responses, particularly with GM-CSF or IL-2. In prostate cancer, an increase in progression-free survival was observed. | [78, 79] |
| PANVAC + chemo (docetaxel) | PANVAC (VV and fowlpox) | CEA and MUC1 | Just PANVAC or none (chemo alone) | Phase II (n = 48) patients with metastatic breast cancer | Combination of PANVAC with docetaxel provides a clinical benefit. The median progression-free survival was 7.9 months in the combination group vs. 3.9 months in the chemo group. | [86] |