PMC full text:
Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2019 Jul 31.
Published in final edited form as:
Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019 May; 12(5): e009018.
doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.119.009018Table 4.
Mean difference (95% CI) of left ventricular measurements per a 2-fold increase in urinary arsenic levels by blood pressure status at baseline and at follow-up. Mean (95% CI) of annual change during follow-up for the same comparison.
| Prehypertension/Hypertension | Normal Blood Pressure | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | MD at Baseline | Annual Change | MD at Follow-Up | N | MD at Baseline | Annual Change | MD at Follow-Up | |
| LV geometry | ||||||||
| LV mass index, g/m2 | 620 | 2.36 (1.17 to 3.56) | −0.15 (−0.28 to−0.01) | 1.64 (0.47 to 2.80) | 632 | 0.88 (−0.23 to 1.99) | −0.06 (−0.19 to 0.07) | 0.58 (−0.49 to 1.65) |
| Left atrial systolic diameter, cm | 629 | 0.03 (−0.00 to 0.06) | 0.00 (−0.00 to 0.00) | 0.03 (−0.00 to 0.06) | 635 | 0.03 (0.00 to 0.06) | −0.00 (−0.01 to 0.00) | 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.05) |
| LV internal diameter, cm | 624 | 0.03 (−0.01 to 0.06) | −0.00 (−0.00 to 0.00) | 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.05) | 634 | −0.01 (−0.04 to 0.02) | −0.00 (−0.01 to 0.00) | −0.02 (−0.05 to 0.00) |
| Interventricular septum, cm | 629 | 0.02 (0.01 to 0.03) | −0.00 (−0.01 to 0.00) | 0.01 (−0.00 to 0.02) | 637 | 0.01 (0.00 to 0.02) | −0.00 (−0.01 to 0.00) | 0.01 (−0.00 to 0.01) |
| LV posterior wall thickness, cm | 543 | 0.02 (0.02 to 0.03) | −0.00 (−0.00 to−0.00) | 0.01 (0.01 to 0.02) | 553 | 0.02 (0.01 to 0.03) | −0.00 (−0.00 to 0.00) | 0.01 (0.01 to 0.02) |
| Relative wall thickness | 623 | 0.00 (−0.00 to 0.01) | −0.00 (−0.00 to 0.00) | 0.00 (−0.00 to 0.01) | 634 | 0.01 (0.00 to 0.01) | −0.00 (−0.00 to 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00 to 0.01) |
| LV functioning | ||||||||
| Heart rate, bpm | 616 | −0.57 (−1.45 to 0.32) | 0.11 (−0.04 to 0.27) | −0.01 (−0.83 to 0.82) | 623 | 0.67 (−0.24 to 1.58) | −0.06 (−0.28 to 0.17) | 0.39 (−0.45 to 1.24) |
| Stroke volume, mL | 607 | 1.89 (0.72 to 3.07) | −0.28 (−0.50 to −0.06) | 0.49 (−0.63 to 1.62) | 621 | 1.20 (0.1 5 to 2.25) | −0.24 (−0.47 to −0.00) | 0.02 (−0.97 to 1.01) |
| Ejection fraction, % | 623 | 0.25 (−0.16 to 0.67) | 0.01 (−0.06 to 0.07) | 0.29 (−0.10 to 0.68) | 634 | 0.45 (0.01 to 0.88) | −0.05 (−0.11 to 0.01) | 0.21 (−0.20 to 0.61) |
| Mitral E-velocity, cm/S | 617 | −0.37 (−1.47 to 0.73) | 0.29 (0.04 to 0.53) | 1.07 (0.07 to 2.06) | 622 | −0.68 (−1.74 to 0.38) | 0.28 (0.03 to 0.52) | 0.72 (−0.24 to 1.68) |
| Mitral A-velocity, cm/s | 616 | −0.60 (−1.47 to 0.26) | 0.19 (−0.01 to 0.39) | 0.36 (−0.42 to 1.14) | 621 | −0.21 (−1.14 to 0.72) | 0.00 (−0.19 to 0.20) | −0.20 (−1.05 to 0.65) |
| E/A ratio | 616 | 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.04) | 0.00 (−0.00 to 0.01) | 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.04) | 621 | −0.02 (−0.05 to 0.01) | 0.01 (0.00 to 0.01) | 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.05) |
| Atrial filling fraction | 589 | −0.00 (−0.01 to 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00 to 0.00) | 0.00 (−0.00 to 0.01) | 595 | −0.00 (−0.01 to 0.00) | −0.00 (−0.00 to 0.00) | −0.00 (−0.01 to 0.00) |
| Deceleration time, ms | 616 | −1.14 (−3.98 to 1.71) | 0.44 (−0.23 to 1.11) | 1.05 (−1.56 to 3.66) | 622 | −0.92 (−3.94 to 2.09) | 0.77 (0.00 to 1.54) | 2.94 (0.20 to 5.67) |
| Isovolumic relaxation time, ms | 595 | −0.76 (−1.62 to 0.09) | 0.25 (0.06 to 0.44) | 0.50 (−0.29 to 1.28) | 619 | −0.78 (−1.60 to 0.04) | 0.16 (−0.04 to 0.36) | 0.02 (−0.72 to 0.76) |
Model was adjusted for age, sex, region, smoking (never, former, current), body mass index (continuous), dyslipidemia (no/yes), fasting glucose level (continuous), estimated glomerular filtration rate (continuous), systolic BP (continuous), and BP treatment (no/yes). BP indicates blood pressure; CI, confidence interval; E/A, early peak rapid filling velocity to peak atrial filling velocity; LV, left ventricular; and MD, mean difference.