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Use of Chest CT in Combination with Negative RT-PCR Assay for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus but High Clinical Suspicion
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A 36-year-old man presented to the hospital with a 2-day history of fever, sore throat, and fatigue 5 days after visiting Wuhan, China. His temperature on admission was 37.8°C (100.04°F). Pulmonary auscultation was normal. Laboratory studies showed a normal white blood cell count (4.6 × 109/L) with a differential count of 53.1% neutrophils. The blood procalcitonin level was normal. Chest CT showed multiple peripheral ground-glass opacities in both lungs with more involvement of the left upper lobe, lingular segment (Figure a–c). At admission, the real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay of the sputum was negative for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) nucleic acid.
Images in a 36-year-old man with a 2-day history of fever, sore throat, and fatigue 5 days after visiting Wuhan, China, and a negative sputum real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction assay for the 2019 novel coronavirus. (a, b) Chest CT scans obtained at presentation show ground-glass opacities (red box) in the right upper lobe and the lingular segment and left lower lobe (b). (c) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained at admission. (d, e) CT scans obtained 3 days after admission show progression of ground-glass opacities to an atoll sign in the right upper lobe (red boxes in d) and left lower lobe consolidation (red boxes in e). (f) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained 3 days after admission shows the new areas of consolidation. See also Movies 1 and 2 (online)
Images in a 36-year-old man with a 2-day history of fever, sore throat, and fatigue 5 days after visiting Wuhan, China, and a negative sputum real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction assay for the 2019 novel coronavirus. (a, b) Chest CT scans obtained at presentation show ground-glass opacities (red box) in the right upper lobe and the lingular segment and left lower lobe (b). (c) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained at admission. (d, e) CT scans obtained 3 days after admission show progression of ground-glass opacities to an atoll sign in the right upper lobe (red boxes in d) and left lower lobe consolidation (red boxes in e). (f) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained 3 days after admission shows the new areas of consolidation. See also Movies 1 and 2 (online)
Images in a 36-year-old man with a 2-day history of fever, sore throat, and fatigue 5 days after visiting Wuhan, China, and a negative sputum real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction assay for the 2019 novel coronavirus. (a, b) Chest CT scans obtained at presentation show ground-glass opacities (red box) in the right upper lobe and the lingular segment and left lower lobe (b). (c) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained at admission. (d, e) CT scans obtained 3 days after admission show progression of ground-glass opacities to an atoll sign in the right upper lobe (red boxes in d) and left lower lobe consolidation (red boxes in e). (f) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained 3 days after admission shows the new areas of consolidation. See also Movies 1 and 2 (online)
Images in a 36-year-old man with a 2-day history of fever, sore throat, and fatigue 5 days after visiting Wuhan, China, and a negative sputum real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction assay for the 2019 novel coronavirus. (a, b) Chest CT scans obtained at presentation show ground-glass opacities (red box) in the right upper lobe and the lingular segment and left lower lobe (b). (c) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained at admission. (d, e) CT scans obtained 3 days after admission show progression of ground-glass opacities to an atoll sign in the right upper lobe (red boxes in d) and left lower lobe consolidation (red boxes in e). (f) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained 3 days after admission shows the new areas of consolidation. See also Movies 1 and 2 (online)
Movie 1:
Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained at admission (see Figure c).
Movie 2:
Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained 3 days after admission shows the new areas of consolidation (see Figure f).
Repeat CT chest performed 3 days after admission showed transformation of ground-glass opacities to more consolidation (Figure d–f). A repeat RT-PCR 2019-nCoV nucleic acid assay was also negative at this time. Six days after admission, the third RT-PCR 2019-nCoV nucleic acid assay was finally found to be positive.
Images in a 36-year-old man with a 2-day history of fever, sore throat, and fatigue 5 days after visiting Wuhan, China, and a negative sputum real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction assay for the 2019 novel coronavirus. (a, b) Chest CT scans obtained at presentation show ground-glass opacities (red box) in the right upper lobe and the lingular segment and left lower lobe (b). (c) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained at admission. (d, e) CT scans obtained 3 days after admission show progression of ground-glass opacities to an atoll sign in the right upper lobe (red boxes in d) and left lower lobe consolidation (red boxes in e). (f) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained 3 days after admission shows the new areas of consolidation. See also Movies 1 and 2 (online)
Images in a 36-year-old man with a 2-day history of fever, sore throat, and fatigue 5 days after visiting Wuhan, China, and a negative sputum real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction assay for the 2019 novel coronavirus. (a, b) Chest CT scans obtained at presentation show ground-glass opacities (red box) in the right upper lobe and the lingular segment and left lower lobe (b). (c) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained at admission. (d, e) CT scans obtained 3 days after admission show progression of ground-glass opacities to an atoll sign in the right upper lobe (red boxes in d) and left lower lobe consolidation (red boxes in e). (f) Volume rendering of chest CT scan obtained 3 days after admission shows the new areas of consolidation. See also Movies 1 and 2 (online)
When specimen tests are negative, the possibility of a false-negative result should be considered in the context of a patient’s recent exposures and the presence of clinical signs and symptoms consistent with 2019-nCoV infection (1,2). In this case, chest CT findings were typical of findings for 2019-nCoV pneumonia (3) coupled with recent exposure suggesting that 2019-nCoV infection was likely.
Footnotes
Disclosures of Conflicts of Interest: P.H. disclosed no relevant relationships. T.L. disclosed no relevant relationships. L.H. disclosed no relevant relationships. H.L. disclosed no relevant relationships. M.L. disclosed no relevant relationships. W.X. disclosed no relevant relationships. X.H. disclosed no relevant relationships. J.C. disclosed no relevant relationships. B.L. disclosed no relevant relationships.
*P.H. and T.L. contributed equally to this work.