Potential roles of medicinal plants for the treatment of viral diseases focusing on COVID‐19: A review

Bikash Adhikari; Bishnu P. Marasini; Binod Rayamajhee; Bibek Raj Bhattarai; Ganesh Lamichhane; Karan Khadayat; Achyut Adhikari; Santosh Khanal; Niranjan Parajuli

doi:10.1002/ptr.6893

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(a) Natural compounds isolated from medicinal plants for antiviral activity: Lycorine (1), Kaempferol (2), Quercetin (3), Luteolin‐7‐glucoside (4), Demethoxycurcumin (5), Naringenin (6), Apigenin‐7‐glucoside (7), Oleuropein (8), Curcumin (9), Catechin (10), Epigallocatechin‐gallate (11), Zingerol (12), Gingerol (13), Allicin (14), Hesperidin (15),Diammonium glycyrrhizinate (16). (b) Natural compounds isolated from medicinal plants for antiviral activity: Amentoflavone (17), Betulinic acid (18), Bisbenzylisoquinoline (19), Blancoxanthone (20), Chrysanthemumin B (21), Cryptotanshinone (22), Escinidin (23), Hirsutenone (24), Homoharringtonine (25), Iguesterin (26), Jubanine G (27), Kazinol F (28), Leptodactylone (29), Ouabain (30), Psoralidin (31), Papyriflavonol A (32). (c) Natural compounds isolated from medicinal plants for antiviral activity: Schimperinone (33), Silvestrol (34), Sinigrin (35), Tanshinone I (36), Theaflavin (37), Tingenone (38), Tylophorine (39), Xanthoangelol E (40), 7‐Methoxycryptopleurine (41). (d) Natural compounds isolated from medicinal plants for antiviral activity: Friedeline (42), Methyl‐3α,23‐dihydroxy‐17,14‐friedolanstan‐8,14,24‐trien‐26‐oat (43), 24E‐3a,9,23‐trihydroxy‐17,14‐ friedolanostan‐14,24‐dien‐26‐oate (44), Pentagalloylglucose (PGG) (45), Glycyrrhizic acid (46), 2‐Acetamido‐β‐D‐glucopyansylamine (47), Acacetin (48), Auraptene (49), Cardamonin (50), Daidzein (51), Epicatechin (52), Glabridin (53), Herbacetin (54), Isoxanthohumol (55), Taxifolin hydrate (56), Isobavachalcone (57), Quercetin 3‐β‐D‐glucoside (58). (e) Natural compounds isolated from medicinal plants for antiviral activity: Helichrysetin (59), Fisetin (60), Rutin (61), Coumarin (62), Caffeic acid (63), 5‐Caffeoylquinic acid (64), Calanolide A (65), Baicalin (66), Emodin (67), Pectolinarin (68), Cannabinoids (69), Rhoifolin (70), Diosmin (71), Apiin (72), Diacetylcurcumin (73). (f) Natural compounds isolated from medicinal plants for antiviral activity: (E)‐1‐(2‐Hydroxy‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐3‐[3‐[(E)‐3‐(2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐3‐oxoprop‐1‐enyl]phenyl]prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (74), beta,beta′‐(4‐Methoxy‐1,3‐phenylene)bis(2′‐hydroxy‐4′,6′‐dimethoxyacrylophenone (75), Isoscutellarein (76), 5,7‐Dimethoxyflavone (77), Tetramethyllueteonin (78), Tri methyl apigenin (79),5‐Hydroxy‐7‐methoxyflavone (80), Ginkgetin (81), Quercetin 3‐rhamnoside (82), Celastrol (83), Pristimerin (84), Tingenone (85). (g) Natural compounds isolated from medicinal plants for antiviral activity: Dieckol (86), Eckol (87), Triphloretol A (88), Dioxinodehydroeckol (89), 2‐Phloroeckol (90), 7‐Phloroeckol (91), Phlorofucofuroeckol A (92), Fucodiphloroethol G (93)