Figure 1

Analysis of apoptosis and necrosis in bEnd.3 cells exposed to Aβ_25–35 and different coenzyme Q homologues (CoQs). Cells were pretreated with CoQ2, CoQ6, CoQ9, or CoQ10 for 24 h and then treated with Aβ_25–35 for 24 h_. (A) Apoptosis was determined by morphological criteria in cells stained with Hoescht 33258 (white arrows point to apoptotic nuclei). (B) Necrosis was determined by quantifying necrotic cells (EtBr positive cells—red) versus viable cells (Calcein-AM positive cells—green). Results show the percentage of apoptotic or necrotic cells versus total cells. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Student’s t-test was used to compare the differences between groups treated with the same ubiquinone and Dunnett’s multiple comparison test to compare each Aβ_25–35 (plus or minus ubiquinone) treatment with the control. ns: not significant, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, (n = 3).