Figure 3

Determination of ROS levels, free cytosolic Ca^2+, and mitochondrial status in cells exposed to Aβ_25–35 and different CoQs. bEnd.3 cells were pretreated for 24 h with CoQ2, CoQ6, CoQ9, or CoQ10 and then treated with Aβ_25–35 for 24 h. (A) Levels of O₂⁻ were assessed by a MitoSOX red fluorescent probe. (B) H₂O₂ levels were quantified using a H₂DCF-DA green fluorescent probe. (C) Free cytosolic calcium levels were quantified using a Fluo-4 green fluorescent probe. (D) Mitochondrial status was assessed using a Mitotracker CMXRos probe, which is dependent on mitochondrial membrane potential. Results show the RFUs normalized vs. control cells. Data are presented as the means ± SEM. Student’s t-test was used to compare the differences between groups treated with the same ubiquinone and Dunnett’s multiple comparison test to compare each Aβ_25–35 (plus or minus ubiquinone) treatment with the control. ns: not significant, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 (n = 3) (scale bar = 20 µM).