Physical exercise at the crossroad between muscle wasting and the immune system: implications for lung cancer cachexia

Francesco Cortiula; Lizza E.L. Hendriks; Wouter R.P.H. van de Worp; Annemie M.W.J. Schols; Rianne D.W. Vaes; Ramon C.J. Langen; Dirk De Ruysscher

doi:10.1002/jcsm.12900

Table 1

Most common diagnostic test for sarcopenia

Measure	Test	Sarcopenia diagnostic cut‐offs
Handgrip strength	Hand‐held hydraulic dynamometer ³¹	<27 kg in men, <16 kg in women ³²
ASM	DEXA,BIA ²⁹	<20 kg in men, <15 kg in women ³⁰
ASM/height²	DEXA,BIA	<7.0 kg/m² in men, <5.5 kg/m² in women ³³
L3SMI	CT scan	<52.4 cm ² /m ² in men, <38.5 cm ² /m ² in women ³⁴
L3SMI	CT scan	<53 cm ² /m ² or <43 cm ² /m ² if BMI <25 kg/m ² in men, <41 cm ² /m ² in women
L1SMI ³⁵	CT scan	To be validated
Gait speed	—	≤0.8 m/s ²⁹
Timed up and go test	—	≥20 s ²⁹

Abbreviations: ASM, appendicular muscle mass; BIA, bioelectrical impedance analysis; DEXA, dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry; L1SMI, L1 skeletal muscle index, defined as the muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA) at L3 (cm²) divided by the height squared (m²); L3SMI, L3 skeletal muscle index, defined as the muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA) at L3 (cm²) divided by the height squared (m²).