Table 2
The prognostic value of cachexia and sarcopenia during immune therapy
ICI (setting) | N | Study design | Cachexia/sarcopenia measure | Endpoint | Results (non‐cachectic vs. cachectic pts) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anti PD(L)‐1 (advanced NSCLC) 41 | 142 | Retrospective | >5% weight loss in the previous 6mo. |
|
|
Anti CTLA‐4 (advanced melanoma) 42 | 97 | Retrospective | CT SMD < 42HU if BMI < 25 kg/m2 and <20 HU if BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 |
|
|
Anti PD(L)‐1 (various cancers) 43 | 100 | Retrospective | L3SMI by CT (ROC cut‐offs) |
|
|
Atezolizumab (Advanced NSCLC) 44 | 1,434 | Post‐hoc pooled analysis (4 phase III RCTs) | BMI (18–24.9 vs. 25–29.9 vs. >30) |
|
|
Anti PD(L)‐1 (advanced NSCLC) 45 | 576 | Systematic meta‐analysis (9 RCTs) | L3SMI, L3PMI. |
|
|
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CTLA‐4, cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4; DCR, disease control rate; HR, hazard ratio; HU, Hounsfield unit; irAEs, immune‐related adverse events; L3PMI, psoas muscle area at L3; L3SMI, skeletal muscle index at L3vertebra; NS, not significant; NSCLC, non‐small cell lung cancer; OS, overall survival; PD(L)‐1, programmed death ligand‐1; PFS, progression free survival; ROC, receiving operator curve; RR, risk ratio; SMD, skeletal muscle radiographic density.