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. 2023 Jun 2;24(11):9660.
doi: 10.3390/ijms24119660.

TREX1 531C/T Polymorphism and Autoantibodies Associated with the Immune Status of HIV-1-Infected Individuals

Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz  1   2 , Tuane Carolina Ferreira Moura  1   2 , Carlos David Araújo Bichara  1   2 , Lorena Leticia Peixoto de Lima  1 , Allysson Quintino Tenório de Oliveira  1   2 , Ranilda Gama de Souza  1 , Samara Tatielle Monteiro Gomes  1 , Ednelza da Silva Graça Amoras  1 , Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto  1   2
Affiliations

TREX1 531C/T Polymorphism and Autoantibodies Associated with the Immune Status of HIV-1-Infected Individuals

Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Autoimmune diseases can develop during HIV-1 infection, mainly related to the individual's immune competence. The study investigated the association of the TREX1 531C/T polymorphism and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in HIV-1 infection and the time of antiretroviral therapy (ART) used. Cross-sectional and longitudinal assessments were carried out in 150 individuals, divided into three groups: ART-naïve, 5 years and 10 years on ART; ART-naïve individuals were evaluated for 2 years after initiation of treatment. The individuals' blood samples were submitted to indirect immunofluorescence tests, real-time PCR and flow cytometry. The TREX1 531C/T polymorphism was associated with higher levels of TCD4+ lymphocytes and IFN-α in individuals with HIV-1. Individuals on ART had a higher frequency of ANA, higher levels of T CD4+ lymphocytes, a higher ratio of T CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes and higher levels of IFN-α than therapy-naïve individuals (p < 0.05). The TREX1 531C/T polymorphism was associated with better maintenance of the immune status of individuals with HIV-1 and ANA with immune restoration in individuals on ART, indicating the need to identify individuals at risk of developing an autoimmune disease.

Keywords: ART; HIV-1; TREX-1; autoantibodies; polymorphism.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Comparison of levels of (A) IFN-α, (B) CD4+ T lymphocytes, (C) viral load and (D) ANA frequency according to genotypes for the TREX1 531C/T polymorphism. * Kruskal–Wallis test; ** G test, ns: not significant.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Comparison of levels of (A) IFN-α, (B) CD4+ T lymphocytes, (C) viral load and (D) ANA frequency according to genotypes for the TREX1 531C/T polymorphism. * Kruskal–Wallis test; ** G test, ns: not significant.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparison of the levels of (A) CD4+ T lymphocytes, (B) CD8+ T lymphocytes, (C) CD4+/CD8+ ratio and (D) IFN-α between groups naïve to ART, with 5 and 10 years of therapy. Kruskal–Wallis test, ns: not significant.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Comparison of the levels of (A) CD4+ T lymphocytes, (B) CD8+ lymphocytes and (C) CD4+/CD8+ ratio of individuals with HIV-1 in the period without ART and after one and two years of therapy, ns: not significant.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Immunofluorescence patterns of antinuclear antibodies in HEp-2 ANA+ cells from individuals with HIV-1 at different times of treatment. (A) homogeneous nuclear; (B) fine dotted nucleolar; (C) fine dotted nuclear; (D) Numa (mitotic apparatus); (E) cytoplasmic; (F) fine dotted cytoplasmic; (G) thick dotted nuclear; (H) nucleolar with isolated dots. Image resolution 100 µm (A–C), 50 µm (D–H).
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