In 2023, the total population of Taiwan increased to approximately 23.42 million people. The significant drop in 2021 and 2022 was mainly due to people leaving the island during the coronavirus pandemic, while the natural growth rate was also slightly negative. The return of many people in 2023 led to a growth in population. According to national statistics and projections, population numbers entered a general declining path in 2020.
Taiwan's demographic development
Taiwan experienced rapid population growth in the 1950s and 60s, but alongside with economic development, growth rates decreased significantly. Falling birth figures have also been attributed to Taiwan’s family planning policy, which was aimed at keeping population growth at check. This led to a situation on the island where overall population density was very high and still growing, while the total fertility rate dropped quickly and eventually reached extremely low levels compared internationally. In the 21st century, the challenges of a quickly aging society became more and more apparent and the government initiated family friendly and birth promoting policies. However, fertility still kept on decreasing and reached a historical low in 2010 at 0.9 births per woman on average, and only in recent years has the number of births increased slightly.
Implications of an aging society
Today's Taiwan, like many East Asian societies, faces the challenges of a rapidly aging population. While the share of the population aged 65 and older accounted to around 18 percent in 2022, it is projected to reach 41 percent in 2060. The old-age dependency ratio, which denotes the relation of people of 65 years and above to the working-age population, is expected to reach around 83 percent in those years. This puts heavy pressure on the working people and the economy as a whole. However, compared to mainland China, which is in a very much comparable demographic situation, Taiwan enjoys the advantage of a relatively wealthy society, which helps to curb the negative economic effects of an aging population.
Total population of Taiwan from 1990 to 2023 with forecasts until 2030
(in millions)
* Projections published in September 2022, calculated according to a medium variant.
** Latest statistical figure for 2023 published by the Department of Household Registration of Taiwan in January 2024. The projection for 2023 published by the National Development Council in September 2022 was 23.28 million.
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National Development Council (Taiwan), & Dept. of Household Registration (Taiwan). (January 15, 2024). Total population of Taiwan from 1990 to 2023 with forecasts until 2030 (in millions) [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved August 31, 2024, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/319793/taiwan-population/?session=c0ee298aaf9070d93a513941aad1f3d0
National Development Council (Taiwan), und Dept. of Household Registration (Taiwan). "Total population of Taiwan from 1990 to 2023 with forecasts until 2030 (in millions)." Chart. January 15, 2024. Statista. Accessed August 31, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/319793/taiwan-population/?session=c0ee298aaf9070d93a513941aad1f3d0
National Development Council (Taiwan), Dept. of Household Registration (Taiwan). (2024). Total population of Taiwan from 1990 to 2023 with forecasts until 2030 (in millions). Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: August 31, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/319793/taiwan-population/?session=c0ee298aaf9070d93a513941aad1f3d0
National Development Council (Taiwan), and Dept. of Household Registration (Taiwan). "Total Population of Taiwan from 1990 to 2023 with Forecasts until 2030 (in Millions)." Statista, Statista Inc., 15 Jan 2024, https://www.statista.com/statistics/319793/taiwan-population/?session=c0ee298aaf9070d93a513941aad1f3d0
National Development Council (Taiwan) & Dept. of Household Registration (Taiwan), Total population of Taiwan from 1990 to 2023 with forecasts until 2030 (in millions) Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/319793/taiwan-population/?session=c0ee298aaf9070d93a513941aad1f3d0 (last visited August 31, 2024)
Total population of Taiwan from 1990 to 2023 with forecasts until 2030 (in millions) [Graph], National Development Council (Taiwan), & Dept. of Household Registration (Taiwan), January 15, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/319793/taiwan-population/?session=c0ee298aaf9070d93a513941aad1f3d0