Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow-up Study (HAPO FUS): Maternal Glycemia and Childhood Glucose Metabolism
- PMID: 30617141
- PMCID: PMC6385697
- DOI: 10.2337/dc18-2021
Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow-up Study (HAPO FUS): Maternal Glycemia and Childhood Glucose Metabolism
Abstract
Objective: This study examined associations of maternal glycemia during pregnancy with childhood glucose outcomes in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) cohort.
Research design and methods: HAPO was an observational international investigation that established associations of maternal glucose with adverse perinatal outcomes. The HAPO Follow-up Study included 4,832 children ages 10-14 years whose mothers had a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at ∼28 weeks of gestation. Of these, 4,160 children were evaluated for glucose outcomes. Primary outcomes were child impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Additional outcomes were glucose-related measures using plasma glucose (PG), A1C, and C-peptide from the child OGTT.
Results: Maternal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was positively associated with child FPG and A1C; maternal 1-h and 2-h PG were positively associated with child fasting, 30 min, 1-h, and 2-h PG, and A1C. Maternal FPG, 1-h, and 2-h PG were inversely associated with insulin sensitivity, whereas 1-h and 2-h PG were inversely associated with disposition index. Maternal FPG, but not 1-h or 2-h PG, was associated with child IFG, and maternal 1-h and 2-h PG, but not FPG, were associated with child IGT. All associations were independent of maternal and child BMI. Across increasing categories of maternal glucose, frequencies of child IFG and IGT, and timed PG measures and A1C were higher, whereas insulin sensitivity and disposition index decreased.
Conclusions: Across the maternal glucose spectrum, exposure to higher levels in utero is significantly associated with childhood glucose and insulin resistance independent of maternal and childhood BMI and family history of diabetes.
© 2019 by the American Diabetes Association.
Figures
![Figure 1](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6385697/bin/dc182021f1.gif)
![Figure 2](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6385697/bin/dc182021f2.gif)
![Figure 3](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/6385697/bin/dc182021f3.gif)
Comment in
-
Much to HAPO FUS About: Increasing Maternal Glycemia in Pregnancy Is Associated With Worsening Childhood Glucose Metabolism.Diabetes Care. 2019 Mar;42(3):393-395. doi: 10.2337/dci18-0064. Diabetes Care. 2019. PMID: 30787060 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
-
Comment on Scholtens et al. Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow-up Study (HAPO FUS): Maternal Glycemia and Childhood Glucose Metabolism. Diabetes Care 2019;42:381-392.Diabetes Care. 2019 Jul;42(7):e127. doi: 10.2337/dc19-0650. Diabetes Care. 2019. PMID: 31221712 No abstract available.
-
Response to Comment on Scholtens et al. Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow-up Study (HAPO FUS): Maternal Glycemia and Childhood Glucose Metabolism. Diabetes Care 2019;42:381-392.Diabetes Care. 2019 Jul;42(7):e128-e129. doi: 10.2337/dci19-0024. Diabetes Care. 2019. PMID: 31221713 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
Similar articles
-
Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes.In: Cowie CC, Casagrande SS, Menke A, Cissell MA, Eberhardt MS, Meigs JB, Gregg EW, Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Becker DJ, Brancati FL, Boyko EJ, Herman WH, Howard BV, Narayan KMV, Rewers M, Fradkin JE, editors. Diabetes in America. 3rd edition. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (US); 2018 Aug. CHAPTER 1. In: Cowie CC, Casagrande SS, Menke A, Cissell MA, Eberhardt MS, Meigs JB, Gregg EW, Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Becker DJ, Brancati FL, Boyko EJ, Herman WH, Howard BV, Narayan KMV, Rewers M, Fradkin JE, editors. Diabetes in America. 3rd edition. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (US); 2018 Aug. CHAPTER 1. PMID: 33651569 Free Books & Documents. Review.
-
Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow-up Study (HAPO FUS): Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Childhood Glucose Metabolism.Diabetes Care. 2019 Mar;42(3):372-380. doi: 10.2337/dc18-1646. Epub 2019 Jan 17. Diabetes Care. 2019. PMID: 30655380 Free PMC article.
-
Maternal glucose levels during pregnancy and childhood adiposity in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow-up Study.Diabetologia. 2019 Apr;62(4):598-610. doi: 10.1007/s00125-018-4809-6. Epub 2019 Jan 15. Diabetologia. 2019. PMID: 30648193 Free PMC article.
-
Screening for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy: a rapid update for the National Screening Committee.Health Technol Assess. 2010 Sep;14(45):1-183. doi: 10.3310/hta14450. Health Technol Assess. 2010. PMID: 20868615 Review.
-
Report of the Committee on the classification and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus.Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2002 Jan;55(1):65-85. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8227(01)00365-5. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2002. PMID: 11755481
Cited by
-
Effect of transgenerational diabetes via maternal lineage in female rats.Heliyon. 2024 May 10;10(10):e31049. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31049. eCollection 2024 May 30. Heliyon. 2024. PMID: 38803977 Free PMC article.
-
The impact of gestational diabetes on functional capacity of the infant gut microbiome is modest and transient.Gut Microbes. 2024 Jan-Dec;16(1):2356277. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2356277. Epub 2024 May 26. Gut Microbes. 2024. PMID: 38798005 Free PMC article.
-
Demand and Requirements for a Digital Healthcare System to Manage Gestational Diabetes in Patients and Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-sectional Survey.Inquiry. 2024 Jan-Dec;61:469580241252569. doi: 10.1177/00469580241252569. Inquiry. 2024. PMID: 38756007 Free PMC article.
-
Genetic and inflammatory factors underlying gestational diabetes mellitus: a review.Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024 Apr 17;15:1399694. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1399694. eCollection 2024. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024. PMID: 38694942 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Long-term effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on the pancreas of female mouse offspring.World J Diabetes. 2024 Apr 15;15(4):758-768. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i4.758. World J Diabetes. 2024. PMID: 38680692 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Hannon TS, Arslanian SA. The changing face of diabetes in youth: lessons learned from studies of type 2 diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015;1353:113–137 - PubMed
-
- Viner R, White B, Christie D. Type 2 diabetes in adolescents: a severe phenotype posing major clinical challenges and public health burden. Lancet 2017;389:2252–2260 - PubMed