Population-based norms for the Mini-Mental State Examination by age and educational level
- PMID: 8479064
Population-based norms for the Mini-Mental State Examination by age and educational level
Abstract
Objective: To report the distribution of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores by age and educational level.
Design: National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program surveys conducted between 1980 and 1984.
Setting: Community populations in New Haven, Conn; Baltimore, Md; St Louis, Mo; Durham, NC; and Los Angeles, Calif.
Participants: A total of 18,056 adult participants selected by probability sampling within census tracts and households.
Main outcome measures: Summary scores for the MMSE are given in the form of mean, median, and percentile distributions specific for age and educational level.
Results: The MMSE scores were related to both age and educational level. There was an inverse relationship between MMSE scores and age, ranging from a median of 29 for those 18 to 24 years of age, to 25 for individuals 80 years of age and older. The median MMSE score was 29 for individuals with at least 9 years of schooling, 26 for those with 5 to 8 years of schooling, and 22 for those with 0 to 4 years of schooling.
Conclusions: Cognitive performance as measured by the MMSE varies within the population by age and education. The cause of this variation has yet to be determined. Mini-Mental State Examination scores should be used to identify current cognitive difficulties and not to make formal diagnoses. The results presented should prove to be useful to clinicians who wish to compare an individual patient's MMSE scores with a population reference group and to researchers making plans for new studies in which cognitive status is a variable of interest.
Comment in
-
Norms for the mini-mental state examination.JAMA. 1993 Nov 10;270(18):2178. JAMA. 1993. PMID: 8411593 No abstract available.
-
Mini-Mental State Examination. Norms, normals, and numbers.JAMA. 1993 May 12;269(18):2420-1. JAMA. 1993. PMID: 8479071 No abstract available.
Similar articles
-
Distinct Patterns of Cognitive Aging Modified by Education Level and Gender among Adults with Limited or No Formal Education: A Normative Study of the Mini-Mental State Examination.J Alzheimers Dis. 2016;49(4):961-9. doi: 10.3233/JAD-143066. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016. PMID: 26756324
-
[Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE): determination of cutoff scores according to age and educational level].Psychiatriki. 2014 Oct-Dec;25(4):245-56. Psychiatriki. 2014. PMID: 25630544 Greek, Modern.
-
Population norms for the mini-mental state examination in Ethiopia.Ethiop Med J. 2011 Jul;49(3):239-47. Ethiop Med J. 2011. PMID: 21991757
-
The mini-mental state examination: age and education distribution for a Latin American population.Aging Ment Health. 2008 Jan;12(1):66-71. doi: 10.1080/13607860701529999. Aging Ment Health. 2008. PMID: 18297480
-
Age- and education-specific reference values for the Mini-Mental and modified Mini-Mental State Examinations derived from a non-demented elderly population.Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1997 Oct;12(10):1008-18. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1166(199710)12:10<1008::aid-gps676>3.0.co;2-a. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1997. PMID: 9395933
Cited by
-
Multidisciplinary Management Strategies for Long COVID: A Narrative Review.Cureus. 2024 May 1;16(5):e59478. doi: 10.7759/cureus.59478. eCollection 2024 May. Cureus. 2024. PMID: 38826995 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Pharmacokinetic and neuroimmune pharmacogenetic impacts on slow-release morphine cancer pain control and adverse effects.Pharmacogenomics J. 2024 Jun 1;24(3):18. doi: 10.1038/s41397-024-00339-w. Pharmacogenomics J. 2024. PMID: 38824169 Free PMC article.
-
Relationship between perceived social support and mental health status of the advanced cancer patients receiving palliative care in Bangladesh.Palliat Care Soc Pract. 2024 May 27;18:26323524241256379. doi: 10.1177/26323524241256379. eCollection 2024. Palliat Care Soc Pract. 2024. PMID: 38807749 Free PMC article.
-
The Sound of Memory: Investigating Music Therapy's Cognitive Benefits in Patients with Dementia-A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.J Pers Med. 2024 May 8;14(5):497. doi: 10.3390/jpm14050497. J Pers Med. 2024. PMID: 38793079 Free PMC article.
-
Malnutrition and Related Factors in Older Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy.Cureus. 2024 Apr 14;16(4):e58252. doi: 10.7759/cureus.58252. eCollection 2024 Apr. Cureus. 2024. PMID: 38745807 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources