COSTS OF AN INDUCED IMMUNE RESPONSE ON SEXUAL DISPLAY AND LONGEVITY IN FIELD CRICKETS

Adamo

,

S. A.

1999

.

Evidence for adaptive changes in egg laying in crickets exposed to bacteria and parasites

.

Anim. Behav.

57

:

117

–

124

.

Adamo

,

S. A.

,

M.

Jensen

, and

M.

Younger

.

2001

.

Changes in lifetime immunocompetence in male and female Gryllus texensis (formerly G. integer): trade‐offs between immunity and reproduction

.

Anim. Behav.

62

:

417

–

425

.

Ahmed

,

A. M.

,

S. L.

Baggott

,

R.

Maingon

, and

H.

Hurd

.

2002

.

The costs of mounting an immune response are reflected in the reproductive fitness of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae

.

Oikos

97

:

371

–

377

.

Armitage

,

S. A. O.

,

J. J. W.

Thompson

,

J.

Rolff

, and

M. T.

Siva‐Jothy

.

2003

.

Examining costs of induced and constitutive immune investment in Tenebrio molitor

.

J. Evol. Biol.

16

:

1038

–

1044

.

Charif

,

R. A.

,

S.

Mitchel

, and

C. W.

Clarck

.

1995

.

Canary 1.2 user's manual

.

Cornell university, Laboratory of Ornithology

, Ithaca, NY.

Dantzera

,

R.

2001

.

Cytokine‐induced sickness behavior: mechanisms and implications

.

Ann. NY Acad. Sci.

933

:

222

–

234

.

Demas

,

G. E.

,

V.

Chefer

,

M. I.

Talan

, and

R. J.

Nelson

.

1997

.

Metabolic costs of mounting an antigen‐stimulated immune response in adult and aged C57BL/6J mice

.

Am. J. Physiol.

273

:

R1631

–

R1637

.

Dunn

,

P. E.

,

T. J.

Bohnert

, and

V.

Russell

.

1994

.

Regulation of antibacterial protein synthesis following infection and during metamorphosis of Manduca sexta

. In

G.

Beck

,

E.L.

Cooper

,

G. S.

Habicht

, and

J. J.

Marchalonis

, eds. Primordial immunity: foundation for the vertebrate immune response.

Ann. NY Acad. Sci.

712

:

117

–

130

.

Faivre

,

B.

,

A.

Grégoire

,

M.

Préault

,

F.

Cézilly

, and

G.

Sorci

.

2003

.

Immune activation rapidly mirrored in a secondary sexual trait

.

Science

300

:

103

.

Freitak

,

D.

,

I.

Ots

, and

A.

Vanatoa

.

2003

.

Immune response is energetically costly in white cabbage butterfly pupae

.

Proc. R. Soc. Lond.

B 270

(

Suppl. 2

):

S220

–

S222

.

Gerhardt

,

H. C.

, and

F.

Huber

.

2002

.

Acoustic communication in insects and anurans

.

Univ. of Chicago Press

, Chicago.

Gray

,

D. A.

, and

G.

Eckhardt

.

2001

.

Is cricket courtship song condition dependent

.

Anim Behav.

62

:

871

–

877

.

Hamilton

,

W. D.

, and

M.

Zuk

.

1982

.

Heritable true fitness and bright birds: A role for parasites

Science

218

:

384

–

387

.

Hedrick

,

A. V.

,

D.

Perez

,

N.

Lichti

, and

J.

Yew

.

2002

.

Temperature preferences of male field crickets (Gryllus integer) alter their mating calls

.

J. Comp. Physiol. A

188

:

799

–

805

.

Hetru

,

C.

,

D.

Hoffmann

, and

P.

Bulet

.

1998

. Antimicrobial peptides from insects. Pp.

40

–

66

in

P. T.

Brey

and

D.

Hultmark

, eds.

Molecular mechanisms of immune responses in insects

.

Chapman and Hall

, London.

Hoback

,

W. W.

, and

W. E.

Wagner

.

1997

.

The energetic cost of calling in the variable field cricket, Gryllus lineaticeps

.

Physiol. Entomol.

22

:

286

–

290

.

Hoffmann

,

J. A.

,

J.‐M.

Richeart

, and

C.

Hetru

.

1996

.

Innate immunity in higher insects

.

Curr. Opin. Immunol.

8

:

8

–

13

.

Holzer

,

B.

,

A.

Jacot

, and

M. W. G.

Brinkhof

.

2003

.

Condition‐dependent signaling affects male sexual attractiveness in field crickets Gryllus campestris

.

Behav. Ecol.

14

:

353

–

359

.

Ilmonen

,

P.

,

T.

Taarna

, and

D.

Hasselquist

.

2000

.

Experimentally activated immune defence in female pied flycatchers results in reduced breeding success

.

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

267

:

665

–

670

.

Imler

,

J. L.

,

S.

Tauszig

,

E.

Jouanguy

,

C.

Forestier

, and

J. A.

Hoffmann

.

2000

.

LPS‐induced immune response in Drosophila

.

J. Endotox. Res.

6

:

459

–

462

.

Iwanaga

,

S.

,

K.

Söderhäll

, and

G.

Vasta

.

1995

.

Invertebrate immunology

.

SOS Publications

, Fair Haven, NJ.

Jacot

,

A.

,

H.

Scheuber

,

J.

Kurtz

, and

M. W. G.

Brinkhof

.

2004

.

Juvenile immune system activation induces a costly up‐regu‐lation of adult immunity in field crickets Gryllus campestris

.

Proc. R. Soc. Lond.

B In press.

Kato

,

Y.

,

Y.

Motoi

,

K.

Taniai

,

K.

Kadono‐Okuda

,

M.

Hiramatsu

, and

M.

Yamakawa

.

1994

.

Clearance of lipopolysaccharide in hemolymph of Bombyx mori: its role in the termination of cec‐ropin mRNA induction

.

Insect. Biochem. Mol. Biol.

24

:

539

–

545

.

Kimbrell

,

D. A.

, and

B.

Beutler

.

2001

.

The evolution and genetics of innate immunity

.

Nat. Rev. Genet.

2

:

256

–

267

.

Kraaijeveld

,

A. R.

, and

H. C. J.

Godfray

.

1997

.

Trade‐off between parasitoid resistance and larval competitive ability in Drosophila melanogaster

.

Nature

389

:

278

–

280

.

Kraaijeveld

,

A. R.

,

E. C.

Limentani

, and

H. C. J.

Godfray

.

2001

.

Basis of the trade‐off between parasitoid resistance and larval competitive ability in Drosophila melanogaster

.

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

268

:

259

–

261

.

Lavine

,

M. D.

, and

M. R.

Strand

.

2002

.

Insect hemocytes and their role in immunity

.

Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol.

32

:

1295

–

1309

.

Lenski

,

R. E.

1988

.

Experimental studies of pleiotropy and epistasis in Escherichia coli I. Variation in competitive fitness among mutants resistant to virus T4

.

Evolution

42

:

425

–

432

.

Lochmiller

,

R. L.

, and

C.

Deerenberg

.

2000

.

Trade‐offs in evolu‐ tionary immunology: Just what is the cost of immunity

Oikos

88

:

87

–

98

.

Martin

,

S. D.

,

D. A.

Gray

, and

W. H.

Cade

.

2000

.

Fine‐scale temperature effects on cricket calling song

.

Can. J. Zool.

78

:

706

–

712

.

Miller

,

J. S.

,

R. W.

Howard

,

R. L.

Rana

,

H.

Tunaz

, and

D. W.

Stanley

.

1999

.

Eicosanoids mediate nodulation reactions to bacterial infections in adults of the cricket, Gryllus assimilis

.

J. Insect Physiol.

45

:

75

–

83

.

Moore

,

J.

2002

.

Parasites and the behaviour of animals

.

Oxford Univ. Press

, Oxford, U.K.

Moret

,

Y.

, and

P.

Schmid‐Hempel

.

2000

.

Survival for immunity: the price of immune system activation for bumblebee workers

.

Science

290

:

1166

–

1168

.

Moret

,

Y.

, and

M. T.

Siva‐Jothy

.

2003

.

Adaptive innate immunity? Responsive‐mode prophylaxis in the mealworm beetle

,

Tenebrio molitor. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B.

Published online: http:dx.doi.org10.1098rspb.2003.2511.

Murphy

,

C. G.

1998

.

Interaction‐independent sexual selection and the mechanisms of sexual selection

.

Evolution

52

:

8

–

18

.

Råberg

,

L.

,

J.‐Å.

Nilsson

,

P.

Ilmonen

,

M.

Stjernman

, and

D.

Has‐selquist

.

2000

.

The cost of an immune response: vaccination reduces parental effort

.

Ecol. Lett

3

:

382

–

386

.

Roitt

,

I.

,

J.

Brostoff

, and

D.

Male

.

1996

.

Immunology

.

Mosby

, London.

Rolff

,

J.

, and

M. T.

Siva‐Jothy

.

2003

.

Invertebrate ecological immunology

.

Science

301

:

472

–

475

.

Rost

,

R.

, and

H. W.

Honegger

.

1987

.

The timing of premating and mating behavior in a field population of the cricket Gryllus cam‐pestris L

.

Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.

21

:

279

–

290

.

Sall

,

J.

, and

A.

Lehmann

.

1996

. JMP start statistics.

A guide to statistics and data analysis using JMP and JMP In software

.

Duxbury Press

, Belmont, CA.

Scheuber

,

H. A. Jacot.

and

M. W. G.

Brinkhof

.

2003a

.

The effect of past condition on a multicomponent sexual signal

.

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

270

:

1779

–

1784

.

Scheuber

,

H. A. Jacot.

and

M. W. G.

Brinkhof

.

2003b

.

Condition dependence of a multicomponent sexual signal in the field cricket Gryllus campestris

.

Anim. Behav.

65

:

721

–

727

.

Scheuber

,

H. A. Jacot.

and

M. W. G.

Brinkhof

.

2004

.

Female preference for multiple condition‐dependent components of a sexually selected signal

.

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

In press.

Schmid‐Hempel

,

P.

2003

.

Variation in immune defence as a question of evolutionary ecology

.

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

270

:

357

–

366

.

Sheldon

,

B. C.

, and

S.

Verhulst

.

1996

.

Ecological immunology: costly parasite defences and trade‐offs in evolutionary ecology

.

Trends Ecol. Evol.

11

:

317

–

321

.

Simmons

,

L. W.

1995

.

Correlates of male quality in the field cricket, Gryllus campestris L.: age, size, and symmetry determine pairing success in field populations

.

Behav. Ecol.

6

:

376

–

381

.

Simmons

,

L. W.

, and

M.

Zuk

.

1992

.

Variability in call structure and pairing success of male field crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus: the effects of age, size and parasite load

.

Anim. Behav.

44

:

1145

–

1152

.

Verhulst

,

S.

,

S. J.

Dieleman

, and

H. K.

Parmentier

.

1999

.

A tradeoff between immunocompetence and sexual ornamentation in domestic fowl

.

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA

96

:

4478

–

4481

.

Wakelin

,

D.

, and

V.

Apanius

.

1997

. Immune defence: genetic control. Pp.

30

–

58

in

D. H.

Clayton

and

J.

Moore

, eds.

Host‐parasite evolution

.

Oxford Univ. Press

, Oxford, U.K.

Zuk

,

M.

1987

.

Variability in attractiveness of male field crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) to females

.

Anim. Behav.

35

:

1240

–

1248

.

Zuk

,

M.

, and

A. M.

Stoehr

.

2002

.

Immune defense and host life history

.

Am. Nat.

160

:

9

–

22

.