Nonproductive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of human fetal astrocytes: independence from CD4 and major chemokine receptors
- PMID: 10562499
- DOI: 10.1006/viro.1999.9998
Nonproductive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of human fetal astrocytes: independence from CD4 and major chemokine receptors
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of the brain is associated with neurological manifestations both in adults and in children. The primary target for HIV-1 infection in the brain is the microglia, but astrocytes can also be infected. We tested 26 primary HIV-1 isolates for their capacity to infect human fetal astrocytes in culture. Eight of these isolates, independent of their biological phenotype and chemokine receptor usage, were able to infect astrocytes. Although no sustained viral replication could be demonstrated, the virus was recovered by coculture with receptive cells such as macrophages or on stimulation with interleukin-1beta. To gain knowledge into the molecular events that regulate attachment and penetration of HIV-1 in astrocytes, we investigated the expression of several chemokine receptors. Fluorocytometry and calcium-mobilization assay did not provide evidence of expression of any of the major HIV-1 coreceptors, including CXCR4, CCR5, CCR3, and CCR2b, as well as the CD4 molecule on the cell surface of human fetal astrocytes. However, mRNA transcripts for CXCR4, CCR5, Bonzo/STRL33/TYMSTR, and APJ were detected by RT-PCR. Furthermore, infection of astrocytes by HIV-1 isolates with different chemokine receptor usage was not inhibited by the chemokines SDF-1beta, RANTES, MIP-1beta, or MCP-1 or by antibodies directed against the third variable region or the CD4 binding site of gp120. These data show that astrocytes can be infected by primary HIV-1 isolates via a mechanism independent of CD4 or major chemokine receptors. Furthermore, astrocytes are potential carriers of latent HIV-1 and on activation may be implicated in spreading the infection to other neighbouring cells, such as microglia or macrophages.
Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
Similar articles
-
Isolated human astrocytes are not susceptible to infection by M- and T-tropic HIV-1 strains despite functional expression of the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4.Glia. 2001 May;34(3):165-77. Glia. 2001. PMID: 11329179
-
Chemokines and receptors in HIV encephalitis.AIDS. 1998 Jun 18;12(9):1021-6. AIDS. 1998. PMID: 9662198
-
Use of GPR1, GPR15, and STRL33 as coreceptors by diverse human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and simian immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins.Virology. 1998 Sep 30;249(2):367-78. doi: 10.1006/viro.1998.9306. Virology. 1998. PMID: 9791028
-
An intricate Web: chemokine receptors, HIV-1 and hematopoiesis.Stem Cells. 1998;16(2):79-88. doi: 10.1002/stem.160079. Stem Cells. 1998. PMID: 9554031 Review.
-
Unwelcomed guests with master keys: how HIV uses chemokine receptors for cellular entry.Virology. 1997 Sep 1;235(2):179-90. doi: 10.1006/viro.1997.8703. Virology. 1997. PMID: 9281497 Review. No abstract available.
Cited by
-
Molecular Role of HIV-1 Human Receptors (CCL5-CCR5 Axis) in neuroAIDS: A Systematic Review.Microorganisms. 2024 Apr 12;12(4):782. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12040782. Microorganisms. 2024. PMID: 38674726 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Characterization of Macrophage-Tropic HIV-1 Infection of Central Nervous System Cells and the Influence of Inflammation.J Virol. 2022 Sep 14;96(17):e0095722. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00957-22. Epub 2022 Aug 17. J Virol. 2022. PMID: 35975998 Free PMC article.
-
HIV-1 persistence in the CNS: Mechanisms of latency, pathogenesis and an update on eradication strategies.Virus Res. 2021 Oct 2;303:198523. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198523. Epub 2021 Jul 24. Virus Res. 2021. PMID: 34314771 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Astrocytes are HIV reservoirs in the brain: A cell type with poor HIV infectivity and replication but efficient cell-to-cell viral transfer.J Neurochem. 2021 Jul;158(2):429-443. doi: 10.1111/jnc.15336. Epub 2021 Mar 22. J Neurochem. 2021. PMID: 33655498 Free PMC article.
-
Upregulation of Superoxide Dismutase 2 by Astrocytes in the SIV/Macaque Model of HIV-Associated Neurologic Disease.J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2020 Sep 1;79(9):986-997. doi: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa084. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2020. PMID: 32783052 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
Associated data
- Actions
- Actions
- Actions
- Actions
- Actions
- Actions
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Miscellaneous