Impact of a competitive marathon race on systemic cytokine and neutrophil responses
- PMID: 12569227
- DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000048861.57899.04
Impact of a competitive marathon race on systemic cytokine and neutrophil responses
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate whether cytokines and neutrophils mediate exercise-related pathogenesis, we examined their responses and possible association after exhaustive exercise.
Methods: Plasma and urine samples were obtained from 10 male runners before and after a 42.195-km marathon race. Major cytokines and neutrophil activation markers [myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lactoferrin (LTF)] were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Functional modulation of standard neutrophils and monocytes by plasma was determined on their luminol-dependent chemiluminescence responses.
Results: The race induced peripheral neutrophilia accompanied by an increase in band neutrophils and monocytosis. Plasma MPO and LTF concentrations increased significantly by 1.8 and 1.4 times after the race. There was a greater increase in urine concentrations of MPO and LTF, 12.3 and 3.5 times after exercise, respectively, suggesting that neutrophil activation occurred and that renal clearance exceeded the increase in plasma concentrations. Plasma interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage CSF (M-CSF), and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) increased significantly after the race, and urine IL-1beta, IL-6, G-CSF, M-CSF, and MCP-1 increased significantly. The plasma IL-6 responses correlated with the increases of band neutrophil count (r = 0.860, P < 0.01), suggesting IL-6-mediated bone marrow release of neutrophils. Furthermore, the increases in urine MPO concentration were correlated with increases in urine IL-6 (r = 0.868, P < 0.01) and G-CSF (r = 0.875, P < 0.01), suggesting that these cytokines promoted neutrophil activation. However, preincubation of neutrophils and monocytes with postexercise plasma could not cause priming responses, possibly because of the exercise-induced enhancement of plasma antioxidant activity.
Conclusion: Although many cytokines recruiting and priming neutrophils and monocytes were secreted and functional after exhaustive exercise, overwhelming antioxidant and antiinflammatory defenses were induced, preventing exercise-induced oxidative stress.
Similar articles
-
Changes of thioredoxin, oxidative stress markers, inflammation and muscle/renal damage following intensive endurance exercise.Exerc Immunol Rev. 2015;21:130-42. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2015. PMID: 25826051
-
Urinary excretion of cytokines versus their plasma levels after endurance exercise.Exerc Immunol Rev. 2013;19:29-48. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2013. PMID: 23977718
-
Muscle damage is linked to cytokine changes following a 160-km race.Brain Behav Immun. 2005 Sep;19(5):398-403. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2005.03.008. Brain Behav Immun. 2005. PMID: 16061149 Clinical Trial.
-
Exhaustive exercise and type-1/type-2 cytokine balance with special focus on interleukin-12 p40/p70.Exerc Immunol Rev. 2003;9:48-57. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2003. PMID: 14686094 Review.
-
Systemic inflammatory response to exhaustive exercise. Cytokine kinetics.Exerc Immunol Rev. 2002;8:6-48. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2002. PMID: 12690937 Review.
Cited by
-
Coronary Plaque in Athletes.J Clin Med. 2024 Apr 1;13(7):2044. doi: 10.3390/jcm13072044. J Clin Med. 2024. PMID: 38610809 Free PMC article. Review.
-
The acute effects of pre- and mid-exercise carbohydrate ingestion on the immunoregulatory stress hormone release in experienced endurance athletes-a systematic review.Front Sports Act Living. 2024 Jan 26;6:1264814. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1264814. eCollection 2024. Front Sports Act Living. 2024. PMID: 38362064 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Neutrophil depletion attenuates acute renal injury after exhaustive exercise in mice.Exp Physiol. 2024 Apr;109(4):588-599. doi: 10.1113/EP091362. Epub 2024 Jan 19. Exp Physiol. 2024. PMID: 38241017 Free PMC article.
-
Review of the health-promoting effects of exercise and the involvement of myokines.Fujita Med J. 2023 Aug;9(3):171-178. doi: 10.20407/fmj.2022-020. Epub 2022 Dec 27. Fujita Med J. 2023. PMID: 37554940 Free PMC article.
-
Cytokines as Biomarkers for Evaluating Physical Exercise in Trained and Non-Trained Individuals: A Narrative Review.Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jul 6;24(13):11156. doi: 10.3390/ijms241311156. Int J Mol Sci. 2023. PMID: 37446334 Free PMC article. Review.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Research Materials
Miscellaneous