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. 2005 Jan 7;280(1):270-6.
doi: 10.1074/jbc.M410061200. Epub 2004 Nov 1.

FRAT-2 preferentially increases glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta-mediated phosphorylation of primed sites, which results in enhanced tau phosphorylation

William H Stoothoff  1 , Jae-Hyeon Cho, Roy P McDonald, Gail V W Johnson
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Free article

FRAT-2 preferentially increases glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta-mediated phosphorylation of primed sites, which results in enhanced tau phosphorylation

William H Stoothoff et al. J Biol Chem. .
Free article

Abstract

Tau is a microtubule-associated protein found primarily in neurons, and its function is regulated by site-specific phosphorylation. Although it is well established that tau is phosphorylated at both primed and unprimed epitopes by glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3 beta), how specific proteins that interact with GSK3 beta regulate tau phosphorylation has not been thoroughly examined. Members of the FRAT (frequently rearranged in advanced T-cell lymphoma) protein family have been shown to interact with GSK3 beta, and FRAT-1 has been shown to modulate the activity of GSK3 beta toward tau and other substrates. However, the effects of FRAT-2 on GSK3 beta activity and tau phosphorylation have not been examined. Therefore in this study the effects of FRAT-2 on GSK3 beta activity and tau phosphorylation were examined. In situ, FRAT-2 significantly increased GSK3 beta-mediated phosphorylation of tau at a primed epitope while not significantly affecting the phosphorylation of unprimed sites. Co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed that association of FRAT-2 with GSK3 beta resulted in a significant increase in phosphorylation of a primed substrate but did not alter phosphorylation of an unprimed substrate. Further, in vitro assays using recombinant proteins directly demonstrated that FRAT-2 enhances GSK3 beta-mediated phosphorylation of a primed substrate to a greater extent than an unprimed substrate. In addition, FRAT-2 is phosphorylated by GSK3 beta. This is the first demonstration of a protein differentially regulating the activity of GSK3 beta toward primed and unprimed epitopes.

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