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. 2014 Apr;52(4):1201-6.
doi: 10.1128/JCM.03399-13. Epub 2014 Feb 5.

Subspecies identification and significance of 257 clinical strains of Mycobacterium avium

Quynh T Tran  1 , Xiang Y Han
Affiliations

Subspecies identification and significance of 257 clinical strains of Mycobacterium avium

Quynh T Tran et al. J Clin Microbiol. 2014 Apr.

Abstract

Mycobacterium avium is abundant in the environment. It has four subspecies of three types: the human or porcine type, M. avium subsp. hominissuis; the bird type, including M. avium subsp. avium serotype 1 and serotype 2, 3 (also M. avium subsp. silvaticum); and the ruminant type, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. We determined the subspecies of 257 M. avium strains isolated from patients at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center from 2001 to 2010 and assessed their clinical significance. An assay of multiplex PCR was used for the typing. Results showed M. avium subsp. hominissuis to be most common (n = 238, 92.6%), followed by M. avium subsp. avium serotype 1 (n = 12, 4.7%) and serotype 2, 3 (n = 7, 2.7%). No strains of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis were found. Of the 238 patients with M. avium subsp. hominissuis, 65 (27.3%) showed evidence of definite or probable infections, mostly in the respiratory tract, whereas the rest had weak evidence of infection. The bird-type subspecies, despite being infrequently isolated, caused relatively more definite and probable infections (10 of 19 strains, 52.6%). Overall, women of 50 years of age or older were more prone to M. avium infection than younger women or men of all ages were. We therefore conclude that M. avium subsp. hominissuis is the dominant M. avium subspecies clinically, that the two bird-type subspecies do cause human infections, and that M. avium infects mainly postmenopausal women. The lack of human clinical isolation of the ruminant type subspecies may need further investigation.

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Figures

FIG 1
FIG 1
A representative gel of a multiplex PCR. Lane 1, molecular weight marker; lane 2, M. avium subsp. avium serotype 2 Chester strain (ATCC 35716) with amplicons of IS311, IS901, and DT1; lane 3, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (ATCC 19698) with amplicons of IS311 and IS900; lane 4, a strain of M. avium subsp. avium serotype 2, 3 or M. avium subsp. silvaticum with amplicons of IS311, IS901, and DT1; lane 5, a strain of M. avium subsp. avium serotype 1 with amplicons of IS311and IS901; lane 6, a strain of M. avium subsp. hominissuis with only an IS311 amplicon; lane 7, blank control without target DNA.
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