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. 2016 Nov 15:165:100-108.
doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.09.023. Epub 2016 Sep 28.

Effects of physical exercise on myokines expression and brown adipose-like phenotype modulation in rats fed a high-fat diet

Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues  1 , Amaia Rodríguez  2 , Alexandra M Gouveia  3 , Inês O Gonçalves  4 , Sara Becerril  2 , Beatriz Ramírez  2 , Jorge Beleza  4 , Gema Frühbeck  5 , António Ascensão  4 , José Magalhães  4
Affiliations

Effects of physical exercise on myokines expression and brown adipose-like phenotype modulation in rats fed a high-fat diet

Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues et al. Life Sci. .

Abstract

Aims: Exercise-stimulated myokine secretion into circulation may be related with browning in white adipose tissue (WAT), representing a positive metabolic effect on whole-body fat mass. However, limited information is yet available regarding the impact of exercise on myokine-related modulation of adipocyte phenotype in WAT from obese rats.

Main methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (n=60) were divided into sedentary and voluntary physical activity (VPA) groups and fed with standard (35kcal% fat) or high-fat (HFD, 71kcal% fat)-isoenergetic diets. The VPA-groups had unrestricted access to wheel running throughout the protocol. After-9weeks, half of sedentary standard (SS) and sedentary HFD (HS)-fed animals were exercised on treadmill (endurance training, ET) for 8-weeks while maintaining the dietary treatments.

Key findings: The adipocyte hypertrophy induced by HFD were attenuated by VPA and ET. HFD decreased 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in muscle as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) proteins in eWAT, while not affecting circulating irisin. VPA increased eWAT Tmem26 mRNA levels in the standard diet-fed group, whereas ET increased AMPK, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) protein expression in muscle, but had no impact on circulating irisin protein content. In eWAT, ET increased bone morphogenetic protein 7 (Bmp7), Cidea and PGC-1α in both diet-fed animals, whereas BMP7, Prdm16, UCP1 and FNDC5 only in standard diet-fed group.

Significance: Data suggest that ET-induced myokine production seems to contribute, at least in part, to the "brown-like" phenotype in WAT from rats fed a HFD.

Keywords: Adiposity; Browning; Endurance training; FNDC5/irisin; IL-6; Skeletal muscle; UCP1.

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