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. 2017 Aug 3;7(1):7226.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07665-z.

FT-IR-based method for rutin, quercetin and quercitrin quantification in different buckwheat (Fagopyrum) species

Meta Kokalj Ladan  1 , Janka Straus  2 , Eva Tavčar Benković  2 , Samo Kreft  2
Affiliations

FT-IR-based method for rutin, quercetin and quercitrin quantification in different buckwheat (Fagopyrum) species

Meta Kokalj Ladan et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

The present study explores an alternative method for antioxidants determination in buckwheat (Fagopyrum) samples. Buckwheat contains different amounts of the antioxidants rutin, quercetin and quercitrin in different plant parts. Buckwheat seeds are most commonly used as food; however, preparations from the herb can also be used as a rich source of rutin. Infrared spectroscopy was used for individual and sum quantification of rutin, quercetin and quercitrin in whole and ground flowers and leaves of seven different buckwheat species. Correlation coefficients R of calibration and independent validation set for rutin, quercetin and quercitrin were 1.00 and 0.98, 0.94 and 0.99, 0.99 and 0.95, respectively. Some of the developed models had accuracy comparable to the reference HPLC method. Additionally many different parameters that give an important insight into the FTIR technique are discussed (different plant parts, whole and ground untreated samples, 3 different resolutions, 7 spectra pre-treatments, using individual or averaged spectra, reducing spectral data input, considering additional non-spectral data). The implemented technique used no sample preparation, is non-destructive and uses very little amounts of sample. Result show that infrared spectroscopy can be a fast and environmentally friendly alternative technique for routine analysis of main flavonoids in aerial parts of buckwheat.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Concentrations of calibration and validation samples predicted by the best obtained models; quercetin (QE), quercitrin (QI), rutin (RUT) and the sum of flavonoids (SUM).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Number of models obtained with all three spectra or averaged spectra from whole and ground samples. The numbers next to the columns represent the total number of obtained useful models.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Number of models obtained with different pretreatment techniques and measured at two different resolutions. The numbers next to the columns represent the total number of obtained useful models.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Spectra of quercetin (QE), quercitrin (QI) and rutin (RUT) and marked wavenumbers used in the models presented in Fig. 1.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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