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. 2017 Dec;7(6):573-578.
doi: 10.3892/br.2017.1004. Epub 2017 Oct 20.

Human aqueous humor levels of transforming growth factor-β2: Association with matrix metalloproteinases/tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases

Yan Jia  1   2 , Yu Yue  1 , Dan-Ning Hu  3 , Ji-Li Chen  4 , Ji-Bo Zhou  1
Affiliations

Human aqueous humor levels of transforming growth factor-β2: Association with matrix metalloproteinases/tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases

Yan Jia et al. Biomed Rep. 2017 Dec.

Abstract

The present study aims to investigate the association of transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-2 and MMP-3, and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 in the aqueous humor of patients with high myopia or cataracts. The levels of TGF-β2 and MMPs/TIMPs were measured with the Luminex xMAP Technology using commercially available Milliplex xMAP kits. The association between TGF-β2 and MMPs/TIMPs levels was analyzed using the Spearmans correlation test. The levels of TGF-β2 were identified to be positively correlated with the levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 (TIMP-1: r=0.334; P=0.007; TIMP-3: r=0.309; P=0.012). The levels of MMP-2, MMP-3 and TIMP-2 did not significantly correlate with TGF-β2 levels (P>0.05). A positive correlation was identified between TGF-β2 and TIMPs in the aqueous humor of human eyes with elongated axial length. It appears that TGF-β2 stimulates the expression of TIMPs as a compensatory reaction to the development of high myopia.

Keywords: aqueous humor; correlation study; high myopia; matrix metalloproteinases; tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases; transforming growth factor-β2.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Correlation between aqueous TGF-β2 and MMP-2 levels. TGF-β2 and MMP-2 levels in the aqueous humor from 65 patients with myopia or cataract during cataract or clear lens extraction surgery were measured with Luminex xMAP Technology using commercially available Milliplex xMAP kits. Spearmans correlation test demonstrated that TGF-β2 was not correlated with MMP-2 (P>0.05). TGF-β2, transforming growth factor-β2; MMP-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Correlation between aqueous TGF-β2 and MMP-3 levels. TGF-β2 and MMP-3 levels in the aqueous humor from 65 patients with myopia or cataract during cataract or clear lens extraction surgery were measured with the Luminex xMAP Technology using commercially available Milliplex xMAP kits. Spearmans correlation test demonstrated that TGF-β2 was not correlated with MMP-3 (P>0.05). TGF-β2, transforming growth factor-β2; MMP-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Correlation between aqueous TGF-β2 and TIMP-1 levels. TGF-β2 and TIMP-1 levels in the aqueous humor from 65 patients with myopia or cataract during cataract or clear lens extraction surgery were measured with the Luminex xMAP Technology using commercially available Milliplex xMAP kits. Spearmans correlation test demonstrated that TGF-β2 was positively correlated with TIMP-1 (r=0.334; P=0.007). TGF-β2, transforming growth factor-β2; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-1.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Correlation between aqueous TGF-β2 and TIMP-3 levels. TGF-β2 and TIMP-3 levels in the aqueous humor from 65 patients with myopia or cataract during cataract or clear lens extraction surgery were measured with the Luminex xMAP Technology using commercially available Milliplex xMAP kits. Spearmans correlation test showed that TGF-β2 was positively correlated with TIMP-3 (r=0.309; P=0.012). TGF-β2, transforming growth factor-β2; TIMP-3, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-3.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Correlation between aqueous TGF-β2 and TIMP-2 levels. TGF-β2 and TIMP-2 levels in the aqueous humor from 65 patients with myopia or cataract during cataract or clear lens extraction surgery were measured with the Luminex xMAP Technology using commercially available Milliplex xMAP kits. Spearmans correlation test demonstrated that TGF-β2 was not correlated with TIMP-2 (P>0.05). TGF-β2, transforming growth factor-β2; TIMP-2, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-2.
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