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. 2019 Dec;114(12):1870-1877.
doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000450.

Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Diet and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in US Men and Women

Xiao Luo  1   2 , Jing Sui  3   4 , Wanshui Yang  4   5 , Qi Sun  2   4 , Yanan Ma  1   4 , Tracey G Simon  6   7   8 , Geyu Liang  3 , Jeffrey A Meyerhardt  9 , Andrew T Chan  4   7   8 , Edward L Giovannucci  2   4   10 , Xuehong Zhang  4
Affiliations

Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Diet and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in US Men and Women

Xiao Luo et al. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Dec.

Abstract

Objectives: Adherence to a healthy diet has been associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may have overlapping mechanisms with T2D, such as inflammation and insulin resistance. Thus, we examined the association between a previously developed T2D prevention dietary pattern and HCC risk.

Methods: We followed 87,943 women in the Nurses' Health Study and 49,665 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study for up to 32 years. The dietary diabetes risk reduction score, which includes dietary glycemic index, cereal fiber, ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fats, trans fat, sugar-sweetened beverages, nuts, coffee, and red and processed meats, was obtained using validated food frequency questionnaires and updated every 4 years. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate multivariable hazard ratios and confidence intervals (95% CIs).

Results: During over 1.9 million person-years, a total of 160 incident HCC cases were identified. The dietary diabetes risk reduction score was associated with a lower risk of HCC (top vs bottom quartile; hazard ratio: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34-0.95; Ptrend = 0.03). All the individual food and beverage items were associated with the risk of HCC in the expected direction, although the association was weaker than the overall dietary pattern.

Discussion: Greater adherence to the T2D prevention diet was associated with a lower risk of developing HCC among US men and women. Further studies are needed to confirm and extend our findings.

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