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. 2020 Jun;12(6):295-302.
doi: 10.3892/br.2020.1299. Epub 2020 Apr 22.

Diet induces hepatocyte protection in fatty liver disease via modulation of PTEN signaling

Yuka Ikeda  1 , Mutsumi Murakami  1 , Yukie Nakagawa  1 , Ai Tsuji  1 , Yasuko Kitagishi  1 , Satoru Matsuda  1
Affiliations

Diet induces hepatocyte protection in fatty liver disease via modulation of PTEN signaling

Yuka Ikeda et al. Biomed Rep. 2020 Jun.

Abstract

Fatty liver disease (FLD) is characterized by accumulation of excess fat in the liver. The underlying molecular mechanism associated with the progression of the disease has been in elusive. Hepatocellular demise due to increased oxidative stress resulting in an inflammatory response may be a key feature in FLD. Recent advances in molecular biology have led to an improved understanding of the molecular pathogenesis, suggesting a critical association between the PI3K/AKT/PTEN signaling pathway and FLD. In particular, PTEN has been associated with regulating the pathogenesis of hepatocyte degeneration. Given the function of mitochondria in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the initiation of oxidative stress, the mitochondrial antioxidant network is of interest. It is vital to balance the activity of intracellular key molecules to maintain a healthy liver. Consequently, onset of FLD may be delayed using dietary protective agents that alter PTEN signaling and reduce ROS levels. The advancement of research on dietary regulation with a focus on modulatory roles in ROS generation and PTEN associated signaling is summarized in the current study, supporting further preventive and therapeutic exploration.

Keywords: PTEN; alcoholic liver disease; alcoholic steatohepatitis; cell signaling; fatty liver; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; reactive oxygen species.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
ROS affects the development in fatty liver diseases. Various roles of ROS in the development of steatohepatitis, including NASH and ASH, liver cirrhosis and HCC. Certain factors and stages were omitted for clarity. ROS, reactive oxygen species; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; ALD, alcoholic liver disease; ASH, alcoholic steatohepatitis; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
PTEN and oxidative DNA stress signaling pathways. Schematic representation of the regulatory pathways with exemplary molecules included; certain molecules were omitted for clarity. Solid arrows represent direct interaction; dashed arrows represent indirect interaction and the white head arrow refers to weak interaction. ROS, reactive oxygen species; SOD, superoxide dismutase; RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Lifestyle and diet affect oxidative stress levels. Certain food ingredients and dietary components contribute to the prevention of fatty liver diseases via the modulation of PTEN and SOD activities and lifestyle choices can impact liver health. PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; SOD, superoxide dismutase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; Vit, vitamin.
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