Effects of 8 weeks of bed rest with or without resistance exercise intervention on the volume of the muscle tissue and the adipose tissues of the thigh

doi:10.14814/phy2.14560

Randomized Controlled Trial

. 2020 Sep;8(18):e14560.

doi: 10.14814/phy2.14560.

Effects of 8 weeks of bed rest with or without resistance exercise intervention on the volume of the muscle tissue and the adipose tissues of the thigh

Madoka Ogawa¹, Daniel L Belavý², Akito Yoshiko³, Gabriele Armbrecht², Tanja Miokovic², Dieter Felsenberg², Hiroshi Akima^{1

4}

Affiliations

¹ Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Furo, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
² Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universitätzu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Radiology, Berlin, Germany.
³ School of International Liberal Studies, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan.
⁴ Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya, Japan.

PMID: 32951335
PMCID: PMC7507449
DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14560

Randomized Controlled Trial

Effects of 8 weeks of bed rest with or without resistance exercise intervention on the volume of the muscle tissue and the adipose tissues of the thigh

Madoka Ogawa et al. Physiol Rep. 2020 Sep.

. 2020 Sep;8(18):e14560.

doi: 10.14814/phy2.14560.

Authors

Madoka Ogawa¹, Daniel L Belavý², Akito Yoshiko³, Gabriele Armbrecht², Tanja Miokovic², Dieter Felsenberg², Hiroshi Akima^{1

4}

Affiliations

¹ Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Furo, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
² Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universitätzu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Radiology, Berlin, Germany.
³ School of International Liberal Studies, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan.
⁴ Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya, Japan.

PMID: 32951335
PMCID: PMC7507449
DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14560

Abstract

The present study aims to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of bed rest, with or without resistance exercise intervention, on the volumes of muscle tissue and the intramuscular, intermuscular, and subcutaneous adipose tissues of the thigh. Twenty men were included, who were randomly assigned in three groups: resistance exercises group (RE group), resistance exercises with whole-body vibration group (VRE group), and nonexercise control group (CTR group). The RE and VRE groups performed resistance exercises during 8 weeks of bed rest (3 days per week). Additionally, consecutive axial magnetic resonance images were obtained before and after the bed rest. Using these images, the volumes of the muscle tissue and the intramuscular adipose tissue, intermuscular adipose tissue, and subcutaneous adipose tissue of the thigh were evaluated. No significant time-by-group interaction was observed the volumes of the muscle tissue and the intramuscular adipose tissue, intermuscular adipose tissue, and subcutaneous adipose tissue between the RE and VRE groups. Furthermore, the RE and VRE groups were pooled as the resistance exercise intervention group (TR group), wherein their thigh muscle tissue volume was observed to be maintained after the bed rest. However, that of the CTR group significantly decreased. Regarding the thigh intramuscular adipose tissue and intermuscular adipose tissue volumes, no significant difference was observed among the CTR and TR groups. Although subcutaneous adipose tissue volume in the CTR group significantly increased after the bed rest, no changes were observed in that of the TR group. Therefore, the results of the present study suggested that within the 8 weeks of bed rest, adipose tissue adaptation differs depending on the location.

Keywords: disuse; intermuscular adipose tissue; intramuscular fat; muscle atrophy; resistance training; unloading model.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest associated with this manuscript.

Figures

**FIGURE 1**
Muscle tissue volume percentage change in individual muscles. *CTR* control group, TR resistance exercise intervention group, RF rectus femoris, VL vastus lateralis, VI vastus intermedius, VM vastus medialis, QF quadriceps femoris, *BFs* biceps femoris, short head, *BFl* biceps femoris, long head, ST semitendinosus, SM semimembranosus, HM hamstrings, AL adductor longus, AM adductor magnus, AB adductor brevis, *Sar* sartorius, Gr gracilis, AD hip adductors, *p < .05, versus CTR

**FIGURE 2**
Intramuscular adipose tissue (IntraMAT) volume percentage change in individual muscles. *CTR* control group, TR resistance exercise intervention group, RF rectus femoris, VL vastus lateralis, VI vastus intermedius, VM vastus medialis, QF quadriceps femoris, *BFs* biceps femoris, short head, *BFl* biceps femoris, long head, ST semitendinosus, SM semimembranosus, HM hamstrings, AL adductor longus, AM adductor magnus, AB adductor brevis, *Sar* sartorius, Gr gracilis, AD hip adductors

**FIGURE 3**
Relation between the percentage changes of muscle tissue, intramuscular adipose tissue (IntraMAT), and intermuscular adipose tissue (InterMAT) volumes. (A) Muscle tissue volume percentage change and IntraMAT volume percentage change. (B) Muscle tissue volume percentage change and InterMAT volume percentage change. *CTR* control group, TR resistance exercise intervention group

**FIGURE 4**
Relation between the percentage changes of muscle tissue volume and intramuscular adipose tissue (IntraMAT) volume in the thigh muscle groups. (a) QF quadriceps femoris, (b) HM hamstrings, (c) AD hip adductors. *CTR* control group, TR resistance exercise intervention group

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References

1. Akima, H. , Hioki, M. , & Furukawa, T. (2008). Effect of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy on the function of quadriceps femoris. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 16, 1017–1025. - PubMed
1. Akima, H. , Hioki, M. , Yoshiko, A. , Koike, T. , Sakakibara, H. , Takahashi, H. , & Oshida, Y. (2016). Intramuscular adipose tissue determined by T1‐weighted MRI at 3T primarily reflects extramyocellular lipids. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 34, 397–403. - PubMed
1. Akima, H. , Kubo, K. , Imai, M. , Kanehisa, H. , Suzuki, Y. , Gunji, A. , & Fukunaga, T. (2001). Inactivity and muscle: Effect of resistance training during bed rest on muscle size in the lower limb. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 172, 269–278. - PubMed
1. Akima, H. , Kubo, K. , Kanehisa, H. , Suzuki, Y. , Gunji, A. , & Fukunaga, T. (2000). Leg‐press resistance training during 20 days of 6 degrees head‐down‐tilt bed rest prevents muscle deconditioning. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 82, 30–38. - PubMed
1. Akima, H. , Kuno, S. , Suzuki, Y. , Gunji, A. , & Fukunaga, T. (1997). Effects of 20 days of bed rest on physiological cross‐sectional area of human thigh and leg muscles evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Gravitational Physiology, 4, S15–S21. - PubMed

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[1] Akima, H. , Hioki, M. , & Furukawa, T. (2008). Effect of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy on the function of quadriceps femoris. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 16, 1017–1025. - PubMed

[2] Akima, H. , Hioki, M. , & Furukawa, T. (2008). Effect of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy on the function of quadriceps femoris. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 16, 1017–1025. - PubMed

[3] Akima, H. , Hioki, M. , Yoshiko, A. , Koike, T. , Sakakibara, H. , Takahashi, H. , & Oshida, Y. (2016). Intramuscular adipose tissue determined by T1‐weighted MRI at 3T primarily reflects extramyocellular lipids. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 34, 397–403. - PubMed

[4] Akima, H. , Hioki, M. , Yoshiko, A. , Koike, T. , Sakakibara, H. , Takahashi, H. , & Oshida, Y. (2016). Intramuscular adipose tissue determined by T1‐weighted MRI at 3T primarily reflects extramyocellular lipids. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 34, 397–403. - PubMed

[5] Akima, H. , Kubo, K. , Imai, M. , Kanehisa, H. , Suzuki, Y. , Gunji, A. , & Fukunaga, T. (2001). Inactivity and muscle: Effect of resistance training during bed rest on muscle size in the lower limb. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 172, 269–278. - PubMed

[6] Akima, H. , Kubo, K. , Imai, M. , Kanehisa, H. , Suzuki, Y. , Gunji, A. , & Fukunaga, T. (2001). Inactivity and muscle: Effect of resistance training during bed rest on muscle size in the lower limb. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 172, 269–278. - PubMed

[7] Akima, H. , Kubo, K. , Kanehisa, H. , Suzuki, Y. , Gunji, A. , & Fukunaga, T. (2000). Leg‐press resistance training during 20 days of 6 degrees head‐down‐tilt bed rest prevents muscle deconditioning. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 82, 30–38. - PubMed

[8] Akima, H. , Kubo, K. , Kanehisa, H. , Suzuki, Y. , Gunji, A. , & Fukunaga, T. (2000). Leg‐press resistance training during 20 days of 6 degrees head‐down‐tilt bed rest prevents muscle deconditioning. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 82, 30–38. - PubMed

[9] Akima, H. , Kuno, S. , Suzuki, Y. , Gunji, A. , & Fukunaga, T. (1997). Effects of 20 days of bed rest on physiological cross‐sectional area of human thigh and leg muscles evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Gravitational Physiology, 4, S15–S21. - PubMed

[10] Akima, H. , Kuno, S. , Suzuki, Y. , Gunji, A. , & Fukunaga, T. (1997). Effects of 20 days of bed rest on physiological cross‐sectional area of human thigh and leg muscles evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Gravitational Physiology, 4, S15–S21. - PubMed

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Effects of 8 weeks of bed rest with or without resistance exercise intervention on the volume of the muscle tissue and the adipose tissues of the thigh

Affiliations

Effects of 8 weeks of bed rest with or without resistance exercise intervention on the volume of the muscle tissue and the adipose tissues of the thigh

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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