Physical exercise promotes brain remodeling by regulating epigenetics, neuroplasticity and neurotrophins

doi:10.1515/revneuro-2020-0099

Review

. 2021 Feb 15;32(6):615-629.

doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0099. Print 2021 Aug 26.

Physical exercise promotes brain remodeling by regulating epigenetics, neuroplasticity and neurotrophins

Juan Liang^{1

2}, Huiqing Wang^{1

2}, Yan Zeng^{1

2}, Yi Qu^{1

2}, Qian Liu^{1

2}, Fengyan Zhao^{1

2}, Jianan Duan³, Yin Jiang^{1

2}, Shiping Li^{1

2}, Junjie Ying^{1

2}, Jinhui Li^{1

2}, Dezhi Mu^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
² Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
³ West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.

PMID: 33583156
DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0099

Review

Physical exercise promotes brain remodeling by regulating epigenetics, neuroplasticity and neurotrophins

Juan Liang et al. Rev Neurosci. 2021.

. 2021 Feb 15;32(6):615-629.

doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0099. Print 2021 Aug 26.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
² Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
³ West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.

PMID: 33583156
DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0099

Abstract

Exercise has been shown to have beneficial effects on brain functions in humans and animals. Exercise can improve memory and learning in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In animal models, physical exercise regulates epigenetics, promotes synaptic plasticity and hippocampal neurogenesis, regulates the expression levels of neurotrophic factors, and improves cognitive function. Therefore, exercise is very important for brain rehabilitation and remodeling. The purpose of this review is to explore the mechanisms by which exercise exerts positive effects on brain function. This knowledge implies that physical exercise can be used as a non-drug therapy for neurological diseases.

Keywords: brain; epigenetics; improvement; neurotrophic factors; physical exercise; plasticity.

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References

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[1] Abbott, L.C. and Nigussie, F. (2020). Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian dentate gyrus. Anat. Histol. Embryol. 49: 3–16, https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.12496.

[2] Abbott, L.C. and Nigussie, F. (2020). Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian dentate gyrus. Anat. Histol. Embryol. 49: 3–16, https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.12496.

[3] Abou-Samra, M., Selvais, C.M., Dubuisson, N., and Brichard, S.M. (2020). Adiponectin and its mimics on skeletal muscle: insulin sensitizers, fat burners, exercise mimickers, muscling pills … or everything together? Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21: 2620, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072620.

[4] Abou-Samra, M., Selvais, C.M., Dubuisson, N., and Brichard, S.M. (2020). Adiponectin and its mimics on skeletal muscle: insulin sensitizers, fat burners, exercise mimickers, muscling pills … or everything together? Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21: 2620, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072620.

[5] Ahn, J.H., Choi, J.H., Park, J.H., Kim, I.H., Cho, J.H., Lee, J.C., Koo, H.M., Hwangbo, G., Yoo, K.Y., Lee, C.H., et al.. (2016). Long-term exercise improves memory deficits via restoration of myelin and microvessel damage, and enhancement of neurogenesis in the aged gerbil hippocampus after ischemic stroke. Neurorehabil. Neural Repair. 30: 894–905, https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968316638444.

[6] Ahn, J.H., Choi, J.H., Park, J.H., Kim, I.H., Cho, J.H., Lee, J.C., Koo, H.M., Hwangbo, G., Yoo, K.Y., Lee, C.H., et al.. (2016). Long-term exercise improves memory deficits via restoration of myelin and microvessel damage, and enhancement of neurogenesis in the aged gerbil hippocampus after ischemic stroke. Neurorehabil. Neural Repair. 30: 894–905, https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968316638444.

[7] Ali, I., Conrad, R.J., Verdin, E., and Ott, M. (2018). Lysine acetylation goes global: from epigenetics to metabolism and therapeutics. Chem. Rev. 118: 1216–1252, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00181.

[8] Ali, I., Conrad, R.J., Verdin, E., and Ott, M. (2018). Lysine acetylation goes global: from epigenetics to metabolism and therapeutics. Chem. Rev. 118: 1216–1252, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00181.

[9] Altman, J. (1962). Are new neurons formed in the brains of adult mammals? Science 135: 1127–1128, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.135.3509.1127.

[10] Altman, J. (1962). Are new neurons formed in the brains of adult mammals? Science 135: 1127–1128, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.135.3509.1127.

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Physical exercise promotes brain remodeling by regulating epigenetics, neuroplasticity and neurotrophins

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Physical exercise promotes brain remodeling by regulating epigenetics, neuroplasticity and neurotrophins

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