Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Sep 25;59(10):1711.
doi: 10.3390/medicina59101711.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Study on Cardiovascular Health

Marius Rus  1   2   3 , Simina Crisan  4   5   6 , Felicia Liana Andronie-Cioara  2   3   7 , Mirela Indries  2   3   7 , Paula Marian  1   2   3 , Oana Lilliana Pobirci  2   3   7 , Adriana Ioana Ardelean  2   3   8
Affiliations
Review

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Study on Cardiovascular Health

Marius Rus et al. Medicina (Kaunas). .

Abstract

Background and objectives: This article highlights the relationship between metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, providing a comprehensive overview of its risk factors and prevalence. Metabolic syndrome, characterized by a cluster of interconnected risk factors, significantly increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. Materials and methods: This study, conducted over a one-year period, involved 117 patients aged between 30 and 79 years old. Various parameters were analyzed, such as gender, age, education level, provenance from urban or rural environment, smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary aspects, physical activity, and their contribution to the appearance of metabolic syndrome. Central adiposity and high blood pressure emerged as prominent elements of the condition. Results: The findings underscore the importance of a healthy lifestyle in the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome. Encouraging regular physical activity, maintaining a balanced diet, rich in fresh vegetables and fruits, and avoiding harmful behaviors, such as smoking or alcohol consumption, are essential in reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome and its associated cardiovascular complications. Conclusions: The study highlights the need for public health initiatives, as well as individualized preventive strategies to combat the rising prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Through promoting awareness of its risk factors and implementing effective interventions, healthcare professionals can contribute to better cardiovascular health worldwide. Further research in this area will continue to enhance our understanding of metabolic syndrome and refine preventive and therapeutic approaches for its management.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease; dietary habits; high blood pressure; management; metabolic syndrome; obesity; preventive strategies; rising prevalence; risk factors.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of cases according to number of defining elements for metabolic syndrome.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The incidence of metabolic syndrome among smokers and alcohol consumers (MS”+” = patients with metabolic syndrome; MS”-“= patients without metabolic syndrome).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Metabolic syndrome distribution by gender.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Mahmood S.S., Levy D., Vasan R.S., Wang T.J. The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: A historical perspective. Lancet. 2014;383:999–1008. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61752-3. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Jurcut R. Factorii de risccardiovasculari. In: Ginghina C., editor. Mic Tratat de Cardiologie. 2nd ed. Editura Academiei Romane; Bucharest, Romania: 2017. pp. 175–189.
    1. Ford E.S. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation among adults in the U.S. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:2745–2749. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.11.2745. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Lakka H.-M. The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. JAMA. 2002;288:2709. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.21.2709. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Hanson R.L., Imperatore G., Bennett P.H., Knowler W.C. Components of the “metabolic syndrome” and incidence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2002;51:3120–3127. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.51.10.3120. - DOI - PubMed

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding.
-