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. 2024 Jan 5;25(2):720.
doi: 10.3390/ijms25020720.

DNA Mutagenicity of Hydroxyhydroquinone in Roasted Coffee Products and Its Suppression by Chlorogenic Acid, a Coffee Polyphenol, in Oxidative-Damage-Sensitive SAMP8 Mice

Keiko Unno  1 , Kyoko Taguchi  1 , Tadashi Hase  2 , Shinichi Meguro  3 , Yoriyuki Nakamura  1
Affiliations

DNA Mutagenicity of Hydroxyhydroquinone in Roasted Coffee Products and Its Suppression by Chlorogenic Acid, a Coffee Polyphenol, in Oxidative-Damage-Sensitive SAMP8 Mice

Keiko Unno et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Hydroxyhydroquinone (HHQ) is an oxidative component produced by roasting coffee beans and has been reported to generate relatively large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we used senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice to determine whether HHQ consumption increases oxidative-stress-induced injury, because in SAMP8 mice, the activity of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1, which repairs oxidative modifications in DNA, is decreased. The results showed that two out of twelve (16.7%) HHQ-treated mice presented polyuria and glucosuria around 2 months after the start of treatment, indicating that HHQ may act as a mutagen against SAMP8 mice, which is sensitive to oxidative damage. No abnormalities were observed in the chlorogenic acid (coffee polyphenol, CPP)-treated group. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the serum of SAMP8 mice was significantly higher than that in SAMR1 (senescence-resistant) control mice, and the concentration was further increased in the HHQ-treated group. CPP, when coexisting with HHQ at the rate contained in roasted coffee, decreased the amount of hydrogen peroxide in the serum of SAMP8 mice. Although CPP can act both oxidatively and antioxidatively as a polyphenol, CPP acts more antioxidatively when coexisting with HHQ. Thus, the oxidative effect of HHQ was shown to be counteracted by CPP.

Keywords: 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (Ogg1); SAMP8; chlorogenic acid; coffee polyphenol; glucosuria; hydrogen peroxide; hydroxhydroquinone; oxidative damage; polyuria.

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Conflict of interest statement

Authors Tadashi Hase and Shinichi Meguro was employed by the company Kao Corporation. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The company had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Experimental protocol.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Hydrogen peroxide level in the serum of younger (3 M) and older (10 M) mice. Each column bar represents the mean ± SEM (n = 6) overlaid on scatter plots (* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01, Tukey’s honestly significant difference method). Black dots indicate the values for each mouse.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of HHQ and CPP intake on Ogg1 mRNA levels in the liver, hippocampus, and kidney of younger (3 M) and older (10 M) mice. For kidneys, comparisons were made only in old mice. Each column bar represents the mean ± SEM (n = 6) overlaid on scatter plots (* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01, Tukey’s honestly significant difference method). Black dots indicate the values for each mouse.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The levels of Akt, Nrf2, and HO-1 in the liver and hippocampus of younger (3 M) and older (10 M) mice. For kidneys, comparisons were made only in older mice. Each column bar represents the mean ± SEM (n = 6) overlaid on scatter plots (* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01, Tukey’s honestly significant difference method). Black dots indicate the values for each mouse.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Novel object recognition test in younger (3 M) and older (10 M) mice. Each column bar represents the mean ± SEM (n = 6) overlaid on scatter plots. Black dots indicate the values for each mouse.
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